Impact of targeted diabetic retinopathy training for graders in Vietnam and the implications for future diabetic retinopathy screening programmes: a diagnostic test accuracy study.

Objectives: To compare the accuracy of trained level 1 diabetic retinopathy (DR) graders (nurses, endocrinologists and one general practitioner), level 2 graders (midlevel ophthalmologists) and level 3 graders (senior ophthalmologists) in Vietnam against a reference standard from the UK and assess the impact of supplementary targeted grader training.

Design: Diagnostic test accuracy study.

Setting: Secondary care hospitals in Southern Vietnam.

Ophthalmologists' and patients' perspectives on treatments for diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy in Vietnam: a descriptive qualitative study.

Introduction: Globally, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in working-aged adults. Early detection and treatment of DR is essential for preventing sight loss. Services must be available, accessible and acceptable to patients if we are to ensure they seek such care.

Capturing the clinical decision-making processes of expert and novice diabetic retinal graders using a 'think-aloud' approach.

Background: Diabetic eye screening programmes have been developed worldwide based on evidence that early detection and treatment of diabetic retinopathy are crucial to preventing sight loss. However, little is known about the decision-making processes and training needs of diabetic retinal graders, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.

Objectives: To provide data for improving evidence-based diabetic retinopathy training to help novice graders process fundus images more like experts.