Development of an in vitro model for studying the penetration of chemicals through compromised skin.

The conventional safety approach that includes dermal absorption of pharmaceutical or consumer products uses models that are based on intact skin. However, when products are intended for application to skin with a less effective barrier, such as in new-born infants, or in cases where the skin is mildly damaged or diseased, there are instances where absorption through compromised skin is also important. A tape stripping procedure was investigated using dermatomed pig skin to assess if an in vitro model could replicate the typical changes in barrier function observed in humans with compromised skin.

Excess risk of subsequent primary cancers among colorectal carcinoma survivors, 1975-2001.

Background: Studies of persons with colorectal cancer have reported increased risk of subsequent primary cancers. Results have not been consistent, however, and there is little information about such risk in specific races and ethnic populations.

Methods: Using 1975-2001 data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, we assembled 262,600 index cases of colorectal carcinoma to assess the occurrence of subsequent primary cancers in 13 noncolonic sites.

Hierarchical modeling and other spatial analyses in prostate cancer incidence data.

Background: State central cancer registries are often asked to respond to questions about the spatial distribution of cancer cases. Spatial analysis methods and technology are evolving rapidly, and can be a considerable challenge to registries that do not have staff with training in this area. The purpose of this article is to describe a general methodological approach that potentially might be a starting point for many cancer registry spatial analyses at the county level.

Subsite-specific colorectal cancer incidence rates and stage distributions among Asians and Pacific Islanders in the United States, 1995 to 1999.

Objective: This study examined subsite-specific colorectal cancer incidence rates and stage distributions for Asians and Pacific Islanders (API) and compared the API data with data for Whites and African Americans.

Methods: Data included 336,798 invasive colorectal cancer incident cases for 1995 to 1999 from 23 population-based central cancer registries, representing about two thirds of API population in the United States. Age-adjusted rates, using the 2000 U.

A vision for cancer incidence surveillance in the United States.

A comprehensive framework for cancer surveillance should span the entire lifespan and be capable of providing information on risk, burden, disparity, cost, cancer care, survival, and death. Cancer incidence, the point in the continuum when an individual is diagnosed with cancer, has a strong, well-developed system to produce information about newly diagnosed cancer cases. However, in the future, this system must be enhanced and integrated with other cancer surveillance networks and other systems to provide timely information on the burden of newly diagnosed patients with respect to various cross-cutting population characteristics (e.

Patterns of treatment for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast in Louisiana, 1988-1999.

Data from numerous studies show that lumpectomy (breast-conserving therapy) plus radiation therapy provides survival equivalent to that following mastectomy (either modified radical or radical mastectomy) for patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). According to the data from the National Cancer Data Base and the Surveillance Epidemiology End Results (SEER) Program, use of lumpectomy among female DCIS patients has increased dramatically over the last decade. This study examined population-based trends in treatment for DCIS among Louisiana women and compared the trends with the SEER data.

Cancer incidence in adolescents and young adults in the United States, 1992-1997.

Purpose: To examine cancer incidence patterns among adolescents and young adults in the United States.

Methods: Cancer incidence data from 26 population-based central cancer registries for 1992-1997 were used. Individual cancers were grouped into specific diagnostic groups and subgroups using an integrated classification scheme.

Childhood cancer in Louisiana 1988-1996.

Utilizing data from the Louisiana Tumor Registry, cancer incidence among children younger than 15 years of age is presented by major cancer type, according to the primarily histology-based International Classification of Childhood Cancer scheme. Cases include those diagnosed and/or treated at any hospitals and medical facilities in Louisiana, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, M.