RUNCOV: a one-pot triplex real-time RT-LAMP as a point-of-care diagnostic tool for detecting SARS-CoV-2.

Given the risk of zoonotic disease emergence, including new SARS-CoV-2 variants of COVID-19, rapid diagnostic tools are urgently needed to improve the control of the spread of infectious diseases. A one-pot triplex real-time RT-LAMP (reverse-transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification) assay, based on two regions of the genome SARS-CoV-2-specifically the Orf1ab and N genes-along with one internal control, the human RNase P gene, was developed. The multiplexing relies on the distinct melting peaks produced during an annealing step.

Molecular Diagnosis of Phlebovirus riftense Infection Using an L-Segment-Based Real-Time RT-PCR Method.

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is one of the main vector-borne zoonotic diseases that affects a wide range of ruminants and humans in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.Several techniques involving cell culture and molecular biology methods have been developed to diagnose RVF infection. Success partly relies on sending samples to a national or reference laboratory in good conditions and having the capacity to perform the appropriate diagnostic test in the matrix of interest during the period of viremia where high loads of viral particles are present.

Comparative study of two Rift Valley fever virus field strains originating from Mauritania.

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is one of the major viral arthropod-borne diseases in Africa. In recent decades, RVF virus (RVFV), the causative agent of RVF, has been responsible for multiple outbreaks in West Africa with important consequences on human and animal health. In particular, an outbreak occurred in 2010 after heavy rains in the desertic region of Adrar, Mauritania.

Rift Valley fever virus is able to cross the human blood-brain barrier by direct infection with no deleterious effects.

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic arboviral disease that causes recurrent epidemics in Africa that may trigger fatal neurological disorders. However, the mechanisms of neuroinvasion by which the RVF virus (RVFV) reaches the human central nervous system (CNS) remain poorly characterized. In particular, it is not clear how RVFV is able to cross the human blood-brain barrier (hBBB), which is a neurovascular endothelium that protects the brain by regulating brain and blood exchanges.

Tissue distribution and transmission of Rift Valley fever phlebovirus in European and mosquitoes following intrathoracic inoculation.

Rift Valley fever virus (, RVFV) poses significant economic challenges, particularly in African nations, causing substantial livestock losses and severe haemorrhagic disease in humans. In Europe, the risk of RVFV transmission is deemed moderate due to the presence of competent vectors like and , along with susceptible animal vertebrate hosts across member states. This study investigates RVFV infection dynamics in European mosquito populations, aiming to enhance our understanding of their vectorial capacity and virus transmission, which can be useful for future investigations to improve RVFV surveillance, control programmes, and preventive treatments.

Isolation of Rift Valley Fever Virus from Field Specimens Using Cell Culture Approaches.

Several techniques have been developed to diagnose Rift Valley fever infection. Viral isolation is one of the most difficult techniques to apply but offers great opportunities for further research. It is useful, for example, for the development of an accurate diagnostic test suitable for screening for Rift Valley fever virus infection, specific treatments by testing known antiviral molecules that act on the replication cycle to assess their therapeutic or even prophylactic potential, therapeutic applications, and vaccine candidates.

Risk factors associated with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus circulation among human, livestock and ticks in Mauritania through a one health retrospective study.

Background: Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is endemic in Southern Mauritania where recurrent outbreaks have been constantly observed since the 1980's. The present study is the first to assess CCHFV antibodies and RNA in humans.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using 263 humans and 1380 domestic animals serum samples, and 282 tick specimens of Hyalomma genus collected from 54 settings in 12 provinces across Mauritania.

Rift Valley fever in West Africa: A zoonotic disease with multiple socio-economic consequences.

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an arbovirus that causes Rift Valley fever (RVF), a zoonotic disease that mainly affects domestic and wildlife ruminants and humans. The first epidemic in North-Western and West Africa occurred in Senegal and Mauritania in 1987, two countries where RVF is now endemic. Slaughterhouse workers, farmers, herders and veterinarians are at high risk of exposure to RVF.

Rift Valley fever virus modulates apoptosis and immune response during infection of human astrocytes.

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an arboviral disease of zoonotic origin that causes recurrent epidemics in Africa, the Arabic Peninsula, and islands of the South West of the Indian Ocean. RVF occurs mainly in livestock but also affects humans with severe clinical manifestations, including neurological disorders. However, human neuropathogenesis of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is still poorly characterized.

Evidence of Eretmapodites subsimplicipes and Aedes albopictus as competent vectors for Rift Valley fever virus transmission in Mayotte.

Rift Valley fever (RVF) recently re-emerged in Mayotte. We described, for the first time, that the mosquito species Eretmapodites subsimplicipes, a highly abundant species in Mayotte, is a competent vector for the transmission of RVF virus using three distinct populations native to Mayotte. We also showed that Aedes albopictus specimens are able to transmit RVF virus (RVFV) as previously observed in mosquito populations of other countries emphasizing the need of the increase vigilance for this highly invasive species of global distribution.

Rift Valley fever, Mauritania, 2020: Lessons from a one health approach.

A new outbreak of Rift Valley fever (RVF) occurred in Mauritania from September to November 2020, involving 78 reported human cases and 186 reported animal cases. Eleven out of the 13 regions of the country were affected by the epidemic, with the highest number of both human and animal cases in Tagant, Assaba and Brakna regions. The most affected animal species in this outbreak was camels, followed by small ruminants.

Identification of drivers of Rift Valley fever after the 2013-14 outbreak in Senegal using serological data in small ruminants.

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne disease mostly affecting wild and domestic ruminants. It is widespread in Africa, with spillovers in the Arab Peninsula and the southwestern Indian Ocean. Although RVF has been circulating in West Africa for more than 30 years, its epidemiology is still not clearly understood.

[Rift Valley fever virus infection : physiopathology and pathogenesis].

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a major emerging arboviral disease with a complex epidemiological cycle. RVF virus (RVFV) is transmitted by mosquito vectors to ruminants, causing epizootics, and then from animals to humans, triggering epidemics. During its cycle, RVFV infects a wide range of hosts, but the associated pathogenesis has yet to be elucidated.

Modelling the persistence and control of Rift Valley fever virus in a spatially heterogeneous landscape.

The persistence mechanisms of Rift Valley fever (RVF), a zoonotic arboviral haemorrhagic fever, at both local and broader geographical scales have yet to be fully understood and rigorously quantified. We developed a mathematical metapopulation model describing RVF virus transmission in livestock across the four islands of the Comoros archipelago, accounting for island-specific environments and inter-island animal movements. By fitting our model in a Bayesian framework to 2004-2015 surveillance data, we estimated the importance of environmental drivers and animal movements on disease persistence, and tested the impact of different control scenarios on reducing disease burden throughout the archipelago.

Risk based serological survey of Rift Valley fever in Tunisia (2017-2018).

Rift Valley fever (RVF) has been reported in the sub-Saharan region of Africa, Egypt and Arabian Peninsula - Yemen and Saudi Arabia, over the past 20 years and is a threat to both the animal and human populations in Tunisia. Tunisia is considered as a high-risk country for the introduction of RVF due to the informal movements of diseased animals already reported in the neighboring countries. The objective of this study was to assess the status of RVF in small ruminants and camels in Tunisia.

Spatio-temporal modelling of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) populations on Reunion Island (Indian Ocean).

Background: Reunion Island regularly faces outbreaks of bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic diseases, two insect-borne orbiviral diseases of ruminants. Hematophagous midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are the vectors of bluetongue (BTV) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHDV) viruses. In a previous study, statistical models based on environmental and meteorological data were developed for the five Culicoides species present in the island to provide a better understanding of their ecology and predict their presence and abundance.

External quality assessment of Rift Valley fever diagnosis in countries at risk of the disease: African, Indian Ocean and Middle-East regions.

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), an arbovirus belonging to the Phlebovirus genus of the Phenuiviridae family, causes the zoonotic and mosquito-borne RVF. The virus, which primarily affects livestock (ruminants and camels) and humans, is at the origin of recent major outbreaks across the African continent (Mauritania, Libya, Sudan), and in the South-Western Indian Ocean (SWIO) islands (Mayotte). In order to be better prepared for upcoming outbreaks, to predict its introduction in RVFV unscathed countries, and to run efficient surveillance programmes, the priority is harmonising and improving the diagnostic capacity of endemic countries and/or countries considered to be at risk of RVF.

The role of livestock movements in the spread of Rift Valley fever virus in animals and humans in Mayotte, 2018-19.

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a vector-borne viral disease of major animal and public health importance. In 2018-19, it caused an epidemic in both livestock and human populations of the island of Mayotte. Using Bayesian modelling approaches, we assessed the spatio-temporal pattern of RVF virus (RVFV) infection in livestock and human populations across the island, and factors shaping it.

Rift Valley Fever - epidemiological update and risk of introduction into Europe.

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a vector-borne disease transmitted by a broad spectrum of mosquito species, especially Aedes and Culex genus, to animals (domestic and wild ruminants and camels) and humans. Rift Valley fever is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and in the Arabian Peninsula, with periodic epidemics characterised by 5-15 years of inter-epizootic periods. In the last two decades, RVF was notified in new African regions (e.

Rift Valley Fever: risk of persistence, spread and impact in Mayotte (France).

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a vector-borne disease transmitted by different mosquito species, especially Aedes and Culex genus, to animals and humans. In November 2018, RVF re-emerged in Mayotte (France) after 11 years. Up to the end of October 2019, 126 outbreaks in animals and 143 human cases were reported.

In vitro shared transcriptomic responses of Aedes aegypti to arboviral infections: example of dengue and Rift Valley fever viruses.

Background: Arthropod borne virus infections are the cause of severe emerging diseases. Among the diseases due to arboviruses, dengue (DEN) and Rift Valley fever (RVF) are in the top ten in the list of diseases responsible of severe human cases worldwide. Understanding the effects of viral infection on gene expression in competent vectors is a challenge for the development of early diagnostic tools and may enable researchers and policy makers to better anticipate outbreaks in the next future.

A phylogenetic analysis of the biting midges belonging to Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) subgenus Avaritia using molecular data.

Background: Within the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), the subgenus Avaritia is of particular interest as it contains a significant number of economically important vector species. Disagreements about the systematic classification of species within this subgenus have resulted in a taxonomic imbroglio.

Methods: A molecular phylogeny of the subgenus Avaritia was conducted to test the existing systematic classification, which is based on phenetic assessment of morphological characters.