Molecular Chaperones in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Short Review.

Stress and misfolded proteins result to dysfunction in the cell, often leading to neurodegenerative diseases and aging. Misfolded proteins form toxic aggregates that threaten cell's stability and normal functions. In order to restore its homeostasis, the cell activates the UPR system.

Diagnostic Evaluation of Huntington's Disease Within the Frame of Bioinformatics.

Huntington's disease is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and cognitive impairment. At the early stages of the disease scientists have observed psychological changes and differences in patients' alpha, beta and theta powers. The early diagnosis of Huntington's disease is very important in order to administrate the correct medication to the patients and slow down the progress of the disease.

Formal Models of Biological Systems.

Recent biomedical research studies are focused in the mechanisms by which misfolded proteins lead to the generation of oxidative stress in the form of reactive oxygen species (ROS), often implicated in neurodegenerative diseases and aging. Moreover, biological experiments are designed to investigate how proteostasis depends on the balance between the folding capacity of chaperone networks and the continuous flux of potentially nonnative proteins. Nevertheless, biological experimental methods can examine the protein folding quality control mechanisms only in individual cells, but not in a multicellular level.

[MiR-140-3p Downregulation in Association with PDL-1 Overexpression in Many Cancers: A Review from the Literature Using Predictive Bioinformatics Tools].

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has been speculated to play a critical role in suppression of the immune system and it can be upregulated in cancer cells, which may allow cancers to evade the host immune system. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules (containing about 22 nucleotides), that function in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. MiRNAs were found deregulated (upregulated or downregulated) and implicated in cancer development with various roles which depend on their gene target.

Molecular genetics of Huntington's disease.

Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder of the brain that is caused by the mutation of the gene which produces a protein called huntingtin (htt). The mutation is based on the continuous repetition of the trinucleotide CAG which in turn makes the protein toxic for the brain cells. As a result neurons which contain the mutant protein begun to atrophy.