Bioavailability of lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla) polyphenols in rats: impact of colonic inflammation.

Lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla) infusion, a widely consumed herbal tea, contains significant amounts of polyphenols such as flavone diglucuronides and phenylpropanoid glycosides (mainly verbascoside). We have recently shown that lemon verbena infusion offers beneficial effects against dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colonic inflammation in rats. The present study aimed to evaluate the bioavailability and intestinal absorption of polyphenols derived from lemon verbena infusion in both healthy and colitic rats.

Radiolabelled cyanidin 3-O-glucoside is poorly absorbed in the mouse.

Anthocyanins are natural pigments abundant in various fruits and berries that are involved in the prevention of various chronic diseases. Their low concentrations in plasma and urine are explained in part by their complex chemistry and the formation of still uncharacterised metabolites. The aim of the present study was to follow the distribution of anthocyanins in the body using 14C-labelled cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (Cy3G) fed by gavage to mice.

Atheroprotective effects of bilberry extracts in apo E-deficient mice.

Previous studies have demonstrated that the intake of berry foods was associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of two bilberry extracts, one rich in anthocyanins extracted from untreated bilberries (BE) and a second one extracted from yeast-fermented bilberries (FBE), on the development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (apo E(-/-)). Apo E(-/-) mice received for 16 weeks a diet supplemented with 0.

Tissue distribution of anthocyanins in rats fed a blackberry anthocyanin-enriched diet.

Anthocyanins are natural dietary pigments that could be involved in various health effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of anthocyanins to various organs (bladder, prostate, testes, heart and adipose tissue) in rats fed with a blackberry anthocyanin-enriched diet for 12 days. Identification and quantification of anthocyanins were carried out by HPLC-DAD.

Catechin reduces atherosclerotic lesion development in apo E-deficient mice: a transcriptomic study.

Much experimental evidence supports a protective role of dietary flavonoids against cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-atherosclerotic effects of catechin supplemented in the diet of apoE deficient mice at a low nutritional level and to explore the mechanisms of action by a transcriptomic approach. After 6 weeks of supplementation, atherosclerotic lesions were assessed by histomorphometry and several markers of lipid, inflammation and oxidative stress status were evaluated.

Influence of glucose on cyanidin 3-glucoside absorption in rats.

Anthocyanins are natural dietary pigments that could be involved in various health effects. However their mechanisms of absorption are still not fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of glucose on anthocyanin absorption in rats.

Tissue distribution of isoflavones in ewes after consumption of red clover silage.

When discovered in the 50's, isoflavones were suspected to provoke infertility syndrome in sheep grazing on clover. Many others effects of these phytoestrogens have been documented afterwards. To determine the distribution of isoflavone metabolites in ewe tissues and look for a link with their physiological impact, two ewes were fed a diet containing 50% red clover silage (variety Pawera) for one month with a daily intake of 157.

A liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight (LC-QTOF)-based metabolomic approach reveals new metabolic effects of catechin in rats fed high-fat diets.

Unbalanced diets generate oxidative stress commonly associated with the development of diabetes, atherosclerosis, obesity and cancer. Dietary flavonoids have antioxidant properties and may limit this stress and reduce the risk of these diseases. We used a metabolomic approach to study the influence of catechin, a common flavonoid naturally occurring in various fruits, wine or chocolate, on the metabolic changes induced by hyperlipidemic diets.

Strawberry pelargonidin glycosides are excreted in urine as intact glycosides and glucuronidated pelargonidin derivatives in rats.

Anthocyanins are natural dietary pigments with a wide array of biological properties that are possibly involved in the prevention of various diseases. These properties depend on their absorption and metabolism in the body. In the present study we first examined the gastric and intestinal absorption of pelargonidin 3-glucoside (Pg 3-glc) using rat in situ models.

Absorption and metabolism of caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid in the small intestine of rats.

The absorption and metabolism in the small intestine of chlorogenic acid (5-O-caffeoylquinic acid), the main phenolic acid in the human diet, and of caffeic acid were studied in rats in order to determine whether chlorogenic acid is directly absorbed or hydrolysed in the small intestine. Chlorogenic and caffeic acids were perfused into a segment of ileum plus jejunum during 45 min (50 microm, 0.75 ml/min) using an in situ intestinal perfusion rat model with cannulation of the biliary duct, and were quantified together with their metabolites in perfusion effluent, bile and plasma.

Organic potassium salts or fibers effects on mineral balance and digestive fermentations in rats adapted to an acidogenic diet.

Background: Fibers and potassium (K) organic salts in plant foods are liable to affect Ca and Mg balance at digestive and renal levels, respectively. K organic salts could counteract the acidifying effects of western diets and consequences of excess NaCl.

Aim Of The Study: To study this question, male rats were adapted to a basal acidifying low-K (LK) diet, or to diets supplemented with a fiber mix (LK/F), or K citrate (HK) or both (HK/F).

Influence of dietary antioxidants on polyphenol intestinal absorption and metabolism in rats.

The ingestion of complex foodstuff implicates the simultaneous presence along the digestive tract of several antioxidants micronutrients. This work aimed to determine if the interactions that may occur at the digestive level between polyphenols and other antioxidant micronutrients may modulate the fate of polyphenols in the splanchnic area. This study was conducted in a rat in situ intestinal perfusion model.

Mice chronically fed a westernized experimental diet as a model of obesity, metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis.

Background: Most studies in animals use diets with several features (for example low-fat, rich in micronutriments), likely to be strongly protective against chronic diseases.

Aim Of The Study: The present study, performed in wild type outbred mice, was designed to evaluate the validity of a model of 'westernized' (W) diet reproducing, as closely as possible, the overall composition of an average human regime in western countries

Results: In contrast to the standard (S) diet, the W diet triggered a marked increase in adiposity with some characteristics of metabolic syndrome (hypercholesterolemia, hyperinsulinemia..

Chlorogenic acid is absorbed in its intact form in the stomach of rats.

The bioavailability of chlorogenic acid, a major polyphenol of the human diet that is particularly abundant in coffee and various fruits, was explored in rats. To identify the form under which it is absorbed through the gut mucosa and the site of absorption along the gastrointestinal tract, rats were fed a diet supplemented with chlorogenic acid (0.25%, wt:wt).

Absorption and metabolism of red orange juice anthocyanins in rats.

Anthocyanins are natural pigments that could be involved in various health effects. Red oranges are an important dietary source of anthocyanins, including cyanidin 3-glucoside (Cy 3-glc) and an acylated derivative, cyanidin 3-(6''-malonyl)-glucoside (Cy 3-malglc). The aim of this study was to evaluate the absorption and metabolism of red orange anthocyanins in rats fed an anthocyanin-enriched diet for 12 d (approximately 2.

Excess casein in the diet is not the unique cause of low-grade metabolic acidosis: role of a deficit in potassium citrate in a rat model.

This study examined the effects of a dietary model of protein excess and K anion salt deficit on the occurrence of metabolic acidosis in rat. Rats were adapted to diets containing either 13 or 26% casein, together with mineral imbalance, through lowering K/increasing sodium/omitting alkalinizing anions. For each protein level, a group of rats was supplemented with K citrate.

Effect of potassium salts in rats adapted to an acidogenic high-sulfur amino acid diet.

Low-grade metabolic acidosis, consecutive to excessive catabolism of sulfur amino acids and a high dietary Na:K ratio, is a common feature of Western food habits. This metabolic alteration may exert various adverse physiological effects, especially on bone, muscle and kidneys. To assess the actual effects of various K salts, a model of the Westernised diet has been developed in rats: slight protein excess (20 % casein); cations provided as non-alkalinising salts; high Na:K ratio.

Anthocyanin metabolism in rats and their distribution to digestive area, kidney, and brain.

Anthocyanins are present in human diet due to their wide occurrence in fruits and beverages. They possess antioxidant activities and could be involved in several health effects. The aim of this study was to investigate anthocyanin metabolism and distribution in the digestive area organs (stomach, jejunum and liver) and kidney, as well as a target tissue (brain) in rats fed with a blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.

Anthocyanins are efficiently absorbed from the small intestine in rats.

Anthocyanins are natural pigments that possess antioxidant activities and are implicated in various health effects. Recent studies showed that the stomach is a site of anthocyanin absorption. However, the fate of anthocyanins in the small intestine remains unknown.

Anthocyanins are efficiently absorbed from the stomach in anesthetized rats.

After consumption, anthocyanins are rapidly absorbed as glycosides. Their rapid appearance in plasma could result from absorption through the gastric wall. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fate of anthocyanins in the stomach.

Apple pectin and a polyphenol-rich apple concentrate are more effective together than separately on cecal fermentations and plasma lipids in rats.

To evaluate the effect of apple components on cecal fermentations and lipid metabolism, rats were fed diets containing 5 g/100 g apple pectin (PEC), 10 g/100 g high polyphenol freeze-dried apple (PL) or both (PEC + PL). The cecal pH was slightly acidic (6.49) only in rats fed the PEC + PL diet (controls, 7.

The splanchnic metabolism of flavonoids highly differed according to the nature of the compound.

The absorption and splanchnic metabolism of different flavonoids (namely quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, eriodictyol, genistein, and catechin) were investigated in rats after an in situ perfusion of jejunum plus ileum (14 nmol/min). Net transfer across the brush border ranged widely according to the perfused compound (from 78% for kaempferol to 35% for catechin). This variation seems linked to the lipophilicity of a given flavonoid rather than to its three-dimensional structure.

Lyophilized apple counteracts the development of hypercholesterolemia, oxidative stress, and renal dysfunction in obese Zucker rats.

Apples may have selective effects on abnormalities associated with the plurimetabolic syndrome. Therefore, the effects of 20% lyophilized apple supplementation on plasma and tissue lipids and on protection against susceptibility to oxidative stress and renal dysfunction were investigated in Zucker lean (Fa/-) or obese (fa/fa) rats. The experimental diets were equilibrated for sugar supply, contained 0.

Blackberry anthocyanins are slightly bioavailable in rats.

Anthocyanins are phenolic compounds widely distributed in fruits and vegetables. Several positive effects of anthocyanin feeding have been described. We evaluated the absorption and metabolism of anthocyanins (cyanidin 3-glucoside and malvidin 3-glucoside) in rats adapted for 8 d to a diet enriched with a lyophilized blackberry powder.