Phenotypes and outcome of diffuse pulmonary non-amyloid light chain deposition disease.

Background: Light chain deposition disease (LCDD) is a very rare entity. Clinical manifestations of LCDD vary according to the organs involved. Data on pulmonary LCDD are scarce and limited to small series or case reports.

[Clinical presentation and short-term treatment of pulmonary actinomycosis].

Actinomycosis is an uncommon disease caused by Actinomyces, a commensal of the oropharyngeal, digestive, and genital tract. Commonly, it manifests as cervicofacial infection and is often related to poor oral health, smoking, chronic alcoholism or immune deficiency. Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare disease, characterized by unspecific clinical, biological, and radiological manifestations that may be confused with other diseases.

Effect of everolimus on multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia in tuberous sclerosis complex.

Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia (MMPH) is a benign proliferation of alveolar type II cells presenting as multiple pulmonary nodules at chest imaging, which is frequently seen in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). We report a case of a woman with TSC and MMPH who received everolimus, a mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, for the treatment of a subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA). After 3 months of therapy, a remarkable decrease in density of all pulmonary MMPH lesions was observed, without any change in size.

Transarterial Radioembolization for the Treatment of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Invading the Right Atrium.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has the tendency to invade the portal and/or hepatic venous system. The invasion of the right atrium is uncommonly observed and constitutes a treatment challenge. We report the case of a patient with HCC invading the right atrium treated with Yttrium-transarterial radioembolization (Y-TARE).

Imaging of tumour response to immunotherapy.

A wide range of cancer immunotherapy approaches has been developed including non-specific immune-stimulants such as cytokines, cancer vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and adoptive T cell therapy. Among them, ICIs are the most commonly used and intensively studied. Since 2011, these drugs have received marketing authorisation for melanoma, lung, bladder, renal, and head and neck cancers, with remarkable and long-lasting treatment response in some patients.

Non-circumferential membranous resection of the trachea for paraganglioma: A case report.

Introduction: Paraganglioma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor and may sometimes be located in the membranous part of the trachea.

Presentation Of Case: We report the case of a 52-year-old man presenting a paraganglioma just above the carina with obstructive symptoms. The patient successfully underwent a non-circumferential tracheal membranous resection, followed by latissimus dorsi muscle flap repair, under peripheral extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

A rare case of a patient with aortic root aneurysm, bicuspid aortic valve, and Scimitar syndrome with anomalous venous return to the right superior pulmonary vein.

A rare case of Scimitar Syndrome with an abnormal drainage of the right lower pulmonary vein into the right superior pulmonary vein associated with aortic root aneurism and bicuspid aortic valve is reported.

Reducing Radiation Dose at Chest CT: Comparison Among Model-based Type Iterative Reconstruction, Hybrid Iterative Reconstruction, and Filtered Back Projection.

Rationale And Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the performances of two iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithms and of filtered back projection (FBP) when using reduced-dose chest computed tomography (RDCT) compared to standard-of-care CT.

Materials And Methods: An institutional review board approval was obtained. Thirty-six patients with hematologic malignancies referred for a control chest CT of a known lung disease were prospectively enrolled.

Apnea-like suppression of respiratory motion: First evaluation in radiotherapy.

Background And Purpose: Compensation for respiratory motion is needed while administering radiotherapy (RT) to tumors that are moving with respiration to reduce the amount of irradiated normal tissues and potentially decrease radiation-induced collateral damages. The purpose of this study was to test a new ventilation system designed to induce apnea-like suppression of respiratory motion and allow long enough breath hold durations to deliver complex RT.

Material And Methods: The High Frequency Percussive Ventilation system was initially tested in a series of 10 volunteers and found to be well tolerated, allowing a median breath hold duration of 11.

Survival and Local Recurrence After Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Lung Metastasectomy.

Background: Pulmonary metastasectomy is increasingly performed in selected patients by video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) on the base of thin-slice high-resolution CT-Scan (HRCT). This study determines the overall survival and ipsilateral recurrence rate and of patients undergoing after VATS lung metastasectomy.

Patients And Method: Retrospective single institution study of all patients who underwent VATS pulmonary metastasectomy on the base of HRCT with curative intent between 2005 and 2014.

Endovascular treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia.

Principles: To assess the efficiency and complication rates of vaso-occlusion of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) in Rendu-Osler-Weber disease (hereditary haemorrhagic telangectasia; HHT).

Methods: Seventy-two patients were investigated in our institution for HHT between March 2000 and November 2011. Sixteen presented PAVMs (22.

Granulomatous Reaction to Pneumocystis jirovecii Diagnosed in a Bronchoalveolar Lavage: A Case Report.

Background: Granulomatous reaction to Pneumocystis jirovecii is a rare but well-known pathological finding encountered in the setting of immunosuppression, HIV infection being the most common cause. It can also potentially complicate the treatment of hematological malignancies, typically when drugs lowering the count and function of lymphocytes are used. Lung biopsy is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of granulomatous P.

[Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias].

Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias represent approximately 30% of all interstitial lung diseases. The new classification of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias published in 2013 distinguishes 6 major entities, including chronic fibrosing forms (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia), acute/subacute forms (cryptogenic organizing pneumonia and acute interstitial pneumonia) and smoking-related disorders (respiratory bronchiolitis interstitial lung disease and desquamative interstitial pneumonia). Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis is individualized as a new rare clinco-pathologic entity.

Inter-reader agreement in HRCT detection of pleural plaques and asbestosis in participants with previous occupational exposure to asbestos.

Objectives: To investigate inter-reader agreement for the detection of pleural and parenchymal abnormalities using CT in a large cross-sectional study comprising information on individual cumulative exposure to asbestos.

Methods: The project was approved by the hospital ethics committee, and all patients received information on the study and gave their written informed consent. In 5511 CT scans performed in a cohort of retired workers previously exposed to asbestos and volunteering to participate in a multiregional survey programme (Asbestos Related Diseases Cohort, ARDCO), double randomised standardised readings, triple in case of disagreement, were performed by seven trained expert radiologists specialised in thoracic imaging and blind to the initial interpretation.

Antisynthetase syndrome with anti-Jo1 antibodies in 48 patients: pulmonary involvement predicts disease-modifying antirheumatic drug use.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics, outcomes, and predictive factors of disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) use in 48 patients with antisynthetase syndrome [characterized by myositis, interstitial lung disease (ILD), arthritis, Raynaud's phenomenon (RP), and/or mechanic's hands] and the presence of anti-histidyl-transfer RNA synthetase (anti-Jo1) autoantibodies.

Methods: Forty-eight patients (33 women, 15 men) who were anti-Jo1-positive referred to one center between 1998 and 2008 were analyzed retrospectively.

Results: The median age of disease onset was 43 years [interquartile range (IQR) 33-53 yrs].

Factors associated with the mediastinal spread of cervical necrotizing fasciitis.

Background: We conducted a study to determine factors associated with the occurrence of mediastinitis in patients hospitalized for cervical necrotizing fasciitis (CNF).

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 130 consecutive patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) who were hospitalized with a diagnosis of CNF. Two radiologists reviewed cervical and thoracic computed tomography (CT) scans to determine the source and extension of the infection in each patient.

Chest computed tomography with multiplanar reformatted images for diagnosing traumatic bronchial rupture: a case report.

Introduction: Unnoticed bronchial injury during the early stage of resuscitation of multiple trauma is not rare and increases mortality and morbidity.

Methods: Three-dimensional reconstruction of the airways using a workstation connected to a multidetector chest computed tomography (CT) scanner may change the diagnostic strategy in patients with blunt chest trauma with clinical signs evocative of bronchial rupture.

Results: In this case report of a young motor biker, a complete disruption of the intermediary trunk was first misdiagnosed using standard chest helical CT and bronchoscopy.

Acute respiratory failure in the elderly: etiology, emergency diagnosis and prognosis.

Introduction: Our objectives were to determine the causes of acute respiratory failure (ARF) in elderly patients and to assess the accuracy of the initial diagnosis by the emergency physician, and that of the prognosis.

Method: In this prospective observational study, patients were included if they were admitted to our emergency department, aged 65 years or more with dyspnea, and fulfilled at least one of the following criteria of ARF: respiratory rate at least 25 minute-1; arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) 70 mmHg or less, or peripheral oxygen saturation 92% or less in breathing room air; arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2) > or = 45 mmHg, with pH < or = 7.35.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a major mortality factor in diffuse systemic sclerosis, independent of interstitial lung disease.

Objective: To determine whether pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a prognostic factor for mortality in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc), independent of interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Methods: ILD was diagnosed by high-resolution computed tomography and PAH (pulmonary arterial systolic pressure [PASP] > or =45 mm Hg) by echocardiography. All patients with ILD underwent testing for total lung capacity (TLC), forced vital capacity (FVC), and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide.

Usefulness of B-type natriuretic peptide in elderly patients with acute dyspnea.

Objective: Differentiating cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE) from respiratory causes of dyspnea is particularly difficult in elderly patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in patients older than 65 years presenting with acute dyspnea.

Design: Prospective study.

Two cases of acute respiratory failure due to carcinomatous lymphangitis in HIV patients.

In HIV-infected patients, acute respiratory failure is usually due to infectious pneumonia. In this report, we describe two cases of acute respiratory failure in HIV patients with clinical presentation suggesting infectious pneumonia. In both cases, the clinical condition deteriorated and death occurred after several days despite therapy.

CT diagnosis of ureteral fibroepithelial polyps.

We report a case of fibroepithelial polyp of the ureter with serial CT examinations. Progressive growth of the fibroepithelial polyp was documented by CT within a period of 62 months. Excretory phase contrast-enhanced CT images accurately contributed to the diagnosis of ureteral fibroepithelial polyp and allowed limited surgical resection.