Barbed palatal surgery: single stage or multilevel setting-a systematic review by the Young Otolaryngologists of the Italian Society of Otolaryngology.

Purpose: This systematic review aims to compare the efficacy and safety of multilevel and single level surgery, including barbed pharyngoplasties, in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods: The study followed PRISMA guidelines and searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Ovid databases for studies evaluating the effect of barbed pharyngoplasties on adults with OSA. Prospective and retrospective cohort studies were included with pre- and post-treatment comparisons of sleep tests and self-reported clinical outcomes.

Role of functional and anatomic study in sleep endoscopy for treatment of OSA.

Objective: To describe a clear and intuitive way to analyse the anatomical meaning of images observed in Drug-induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) to fully understand the obstructive dynamics and therefore opt for a tailor-made pharyngeal surgical technique.

Methods: From January 2016 to December 2020, 298 patients who underwent DISE were selected according to inclusion criteria.

Results: The case series consisted of 204 males and 94 females with a mean age of 56 years.

Retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma in a 15-year-old boy, an interesting case studied through multimodal imaging.

Benign ganglioneuroma contains mature autonomous ganglion cells, including satellite cells and long axonal processes, as well as Schwann cells, which come from neural crest-derived cells that form the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nervous system during embryonic development and is a rare benign tumor which occurs spontaneously and can also occur during radiotherapy or chemotherapy, accounting for 0.72% -1.6% of primary retroperitoneal tumors, commonly found in the posterior mediastinum and retroperitoneum, and affected patients usually have no symptoms due to of its non-functional feature, although several complications can arise if the tumor is large enough to press against adjacent organs.

Rapid maxillary expansion for the treatment of nasal obstruction in children younger than 12 years.

Objective: To assess short- and long-term effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on nasal flow in young children. Since RME has been reported to positively influence nasal obstruction in subjects with respiratory problems by reducing nasal resistance, a similar efficacy of RME could be expected in children with deciduous and/or mixed dentition who are affected by maxillary constriction and nasal obstruction from a different cause.

Design: Prospective study of children younger than 12 years, with different grades of malocclusion and oral breathing.