Traumatic brain injury as a chronic disease: insights from the United States Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Research Program.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health priority, associated with substantial burden. Historically conceptualised as an injury event with finite recovery, TBI is now recognised as a chronic condition that can affect multiple domains of health and function, some of which might deteriorate over time. Many people who have had a TBI remain moderately to severely disabled at 5 years, are rehospitalised up to 10 years post-injury, and have a reduced lifespan relative to the general population.

Outcomes 1 and 2 Years After Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: An International Comparative Study.

Objective: This study compared traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes from 2 cohorts: the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems (TBIMS) in the United States and Longitudinal Head Injury Outcome Study conducted in Victoria, Australia, by the Monash Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre (MERRC).

Design: Cohort study with 1- and 2-year follow-up.

Setting: Acute trauma care and inpatient rehabilitation with follow-up.

Mortality Secondary to Unintentional Poisoning after Inpatient Rehabilitation among Individuals with Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

Studies have shown reduced life expectancy following moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) with death from unintentional poisoning (UP) being 11 times higher following TBI than in the general population. The characteristics of those who die of unintentional poisoning are compared with the characteristics of those who die of other causes (OC) in a retrospective cohort who received inpatient rehabilitation following TBI and enrolled in the TBI Model Systems National Database between 1989 and 2017 ( = 15,835 cases with 2,238 deaths recorded). Seventy-eight cases (3.

Introduction to the NIDILRR Burn Model System (BMS) Program: Selected Findings II.

A special supplement to the Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in 2007 reported selected findings of research from the first 13 years of the BMS Centers and Database Coordinating Center. This special supplement is the second such effort and reports on the growth of the BMS National Longitudinal Database (BMS NDB) since that time and select new research findings from the BMS centers.

Return to Productivity Projections for Individuals With Moderate to Severe TBI Following Inpatient Rehabilitation: A NIDILRR TBIMS and CDC Interagency Collaboration.

Objective: Return to work and school following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an outcome of central importance both to TBI survivors and to society. The current study estimates the probability of returning to productivity over 5 years following moderate to severe brain injury.

Design: A secondary longitudinal analysis using random effects modeling, that is, individual growth curve analysis based on a sample of 2542 population-weighted individuals from a multicenter cohort study.

Functional Outcome Trajectories Following Inpatient Rehabilitation for TBI in the United States: A NIDILRR TBIMS and CDC Interagency Collaboration.

Objective: To describe trajectories of functioning up to 5 years after traumatic brain injury (TBI) that required inpatient rehabilitation in the United States using individual growth curve models conditioned on factors associated with variability in functioning and independence over time.

Design: Secondary analysis of population-weighted data from a multicenter longitudinal cohort study.

Setting: Acute inpatient rehabilitation facilities.

Challenges to the Standardization of Trauma Data Collection in Burn, Traumatic Brain Injury, Spinal Cord Injury, and Other Trauma Populations: A Call for Common Data Elements for Acute and Longitudinal Trauma Databases.

Objective: Common data elements (CDEs) promote data sharing, standardization, and uniform data collection, which facilitate meta-analyses and comparisons of studies. Currently, there is no set of CDEs for all trauma populations, but their creation would allow researchers to leverage existing databases to maximize research on trauma outcomes. The purpose of this study is to assess the extent of common data collection among 5 trauma databases.

National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research Burn Model System: Review of Program and Database.

The Burn Model System (BMS) centers program was created in 1994 to evaluate the long-term outcomes of burn injuries. As part of this multicenter program, a comprehensive longitudinal database was developed to facilitate the study of a number of functional and psychosocial outcomes after burn injury. In this article, we provide an overview of the data collection procedures, measures selection process, and an overview of the participant data collected between 1994 and 2016.

Acute Ischemic Stroke After Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Incidence and Impact on Outcome.

Background And Purpose: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to nearly 300 000 annual US hospitalizations and increased lifetime risk of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Occurrence of AIS immediately after TBI has not been well characterized. We evaluated AIS acutely after TBI and its impact on outcome.

Unemployment in the United States after traumatic brain injury for working-age individuals: prevalence and associated factors 2 years postinjury.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of unemployment and part-time employment in the United States for working-age individuals completing rehabilitation for a primary diagnosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) between 2001 and 2010.

Design: Secondary data analysis.

Setting: Acute inpatient rehabilitation facilities.

Life Expectancy after Inpatient Rehabilitation for Traumatic Brain Injury in the United States.

This study characterized life expectancy after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The TBI Model Systems (TBIMS) National Database (NDB) was weighted to represent those ≥16 years of age completing inpatient rehabilitation for TBI in the United States (US) between 2001 and 2010. Analyses included Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMRs), Cox regression, and life expectancy.

US population estimates of health and social outcomes 5 years after rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury.

Objective: To estimate the number of adults in the United States from 2006 to 2012 who manifest selected health and social outcomes 5 years following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) that required acute inpatient rehabilitation.

Design: Secondary data analysis.

Setting: Acute inpatient rehabilitation facilities.

Common data elements for research on traumatic brain injury: pediatric considerations.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant global health problem, with a notably high incidence in children and adolescents. Despite the prevalence of TBI and the disabilities that often follow, research on which to base effective treatment is limited by several challenges, including but not limited to the complexity and heterogeneity of TBI. Even when rigorous methods are employed, the utility of the research may be limited by difficulties in comparing findings across studies resulting from the use of different measures to assess similar TBI study variables.

Advancing integrated research in psychological health and traumatic brain injury: common data elements.

In civilian, military, and veteran populations, there is increased recognition of the interrelationship between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and some psychological health (PH) disorders and the need to better understand the relationships by integrating research for these topics. The use of different measures to assess similar study variables and/or assess outcomes may limit important advances in PH and TBI research. Without a set of common data elements (CDEs; to include variable definitions and recommended measures for the purpose of this discussion), comparison of findings across studies is challenging.