Accessory Extraocular Muscle: A Rare Cause of Strabismus.

Accessory extraocular muscles are rare intraorbital congenital structures that can cause diplopia and restrictive strabismus.

Knowledge, opinions and experiences of nurses and nursing students in Portugal regarding the use of medical Cannabis.

Background: The opening up of the laws to medicinal cannabis in recent years is a key factor in the growth of this therapy, but there is little information about what nurses know and think about it. The present paper seeks to analyze the knowledge, opinions, and experiences of nurses and nursing students in Portugal regarding the use of cannabis and to understand gender differences.

Methods: A self-completion questionnaire was drawn up and published online.

Ophthalmic Manifestations of Heimler Syndrome in Two Siblings With Variants.

Purpose: To report two new cases with confirmed diagnosis of Heimler syndrome and describe their systemic and ophthalmic phenotype and visual rehabilitation.

Methods: Retrospective review of medical records.

Results: Both siblings were diagnosed as having sensori-neural hearing loss and retinal dystrophy with exuberant intraretinal cystoid spaces and cone-rod dysfunction.

The role of early functional neuroimaging in predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonatal encephalopathy.

Unlabelled: Reliably assessing the early neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is of utmost importance to advise parents and implement early and personalized interventions. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of neuroimaging modalities, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes in NE. Eighteen newborns with NE due to presumed perinatal asphyxia (PA) were included in the study, 16 of whom underwent therapeutic hypothermia.

OCT angiography findings in children with amblyopia.

Purpose: To compare the microstructure and vascularity of amblyopic eyes in children with their contralateral eye and with eyes from control children using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).

Methods: We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional evaluation of macular and optic disk vascular density and flow area using OCT-A (Avanti RTVue XR, Optovue Inc, Fremont, CA). Parameters were calculated using automated software.

Low-vision aids improve the visual performance of children with bilateral chorioretinal coloboma.

Purpose: To quantify the improvements in visual performance for both distance and near tasks attained by children with bilateral chorioretinal coloboma (CRC) with use of low-vision aids (LVAs).

Methods: This was a hospital-based, cross-sectional, interventional case series of children with bilateral CRC. Demographic data were collected through a structured questionnaire and review of medical records.

Medical and Surgical Treatment in Pediatric Orbital Myositis Associated with Coxsackie Virus.

Purpose. To report a case of orbital myositis associated with Coxsackie virus and its medical and surgical approach. Methods.

Twin anemia polycythemia sequence: a report of three cases.

Background: Vascular anastomoses in monochorionic placentas are the key factor in the develop- ment of several complications, including twin anemiapolycythemia sequence (TAPS). TAPS is an uncommon form of chronic fetofetal transfusion, characterized by large intertwin hemoglobin (Hb) differences in the absence of amniotic fluid discordances.

Case: We report 3 unusual cases of spontaneous TAPS.

Intellectual disability, coarse face, relative macrocephaly, and cerebellar hypotrophy in two sisters.

We report on two Portuguese sisters with a very similar phenotype characterized by severe intellectual disability, absent speech, relative macrocephaly, coarse face, cerebellar hypotrophy, and severe ataxia. Additional common features include increased thickness of the cranial vault, delayed dental eruption, talipes equino-varus, clinodactyly, and camptodactyly of the fifth finger. The older sister has retinal dystrophy and the younger sister has short stature.