Systematic altering of semiflexible DNA-based polymer networks tunable crosslinking.

In order to understand and predict the mechanical behaviours of complex, soft biomaterials such as cells or stimuli-responsive hydrogels, it is important to connect how the nanoscale properties of their constituent components impact those of the bulk material. Crosslinked networks of semiflexible polymers are particularly ubiquitous, being underlying mechanical components of biological systems such as cells or ECM, as well as many synthetic or biomimetic materials. Cell-derived components such as filamentous biopolymers or protein crosslinkers are readily available and well-studied model systems.

Pulmonary edema in a pediatric cancer patient after anesthetic induction.

Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) in the context of anesthesia is a rare condition, although pediatric patients are at higher risk. This case stands out for the severe respiratory clinic that quickly developed in a child with a cancer history whose radiological and clinical presentation suggested multiple differential diagnoses, including tumor recurrence with metastasis or pulmonary tuberculosis. NPPE is a well-described, but a probably underrecognized clinical syndrome, that occurs after intense inspiratory effort against an obstructed airway.

Impact of indoor air pollution in nursery and primary schools on childhood asthma.

Poor indoor air quality in scholar environments have been frequently reported, but its impact on respiratory health in schoolchildren has not been sufficiently explored. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the associations between children's exposure to indoor air pollution (IAP) in nursery and primary schools and childhood asthma. Multivariate models (independent and multipollutant) quantified the associations of children's exposure with asthma-related health outcomes: reported active wheezing, reported and diagnosed asthma, and lung function (reduced FEV/FVC and reduced FEV).

COMPLICATED PNEUMONIA WITH EMPYEMA CAUSED BY STREPTOCOCCUS ANGINOSUS IN A CHILD.

Objective: To highlight the pathogenicity of Streptococcus anginosus, which is rare in pediatric patients, but can cause severe infections that are known to have a better outcome when treated early with interventional procedures and prolonged antibiotic therapy.

Case: description: The patient is a 6-year-old boy with global developmental delay, examined in the emergency room due to fever and respiratory distress. The physical examination and diagnostic workout revealed complicated pneumonia with empyema of the left hemithorax; he started antibiotic therapy and underwent thoracic drainage.

lung abscess in an immunocompetent adolescent.

The authors report a case of a lung abscess caused by sp. in a previously healthy adolescent. A 17-year-old young man presented with tonsillitis that did not respond to β-lactamic antibiotic, dyspnoea and thoracic pain.

Pulmonary involvement in neonatal lupus: a challenging diagnosis - case report and literature review.

Introduction: Pulmonary involvement is relatively frequent in adult and juvenile patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), but its occurrence in newborns with Neonatal Lupus Erythematosus (NLE) is exceedingly rare.

Case Report: A mother with SLE and positive anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La delivered a preterm newborn with third-degree heart block and positive anti-SSA/Ro confirmed postnatally. A temporary pacemaker was placed at D3 and a definitive pacemaker only at D15 due to sepsis with concurrent mild respiratory failure.

Pneumococcal pneumonia vaccine breakthroughs and failures after 13-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine.

The rate of invasive pneumococcal disease has markedly declined after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugated vaccines. In spite of the high effectiveness of this vaccine, there are some reports of vaccine failure and vaccine breakthroughs. Data on children with pneumococcal pneumonia in a European tertiary Hospital, from 2012 to 2014, were retrospectively collected before the implementation of pneumococcal conjugated vaccines in our country.

Spontaneous Pneumothorax With Subcutaneous Emphysema: A Rare Complication of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.

Viral bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children under the age of 2. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the infecting agent in more than 50% of the cases. Usually the clinical course is uneventful and complications are uncommon.

Severe IgG4-Related Disease in a Young Child: A Diagnosis Challenge.

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an increasingly recognized syndrome that can appear with multiple organ involvement, typically with tumor-like swelling, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate rich in IgG4-positive plasma cells, and elevated serum IgG4 concentrations. We report the case of a 22-month-old female child with failure to thrive and recurrent respiratory tract infections since 8 months of age. Physical examination was normal except for pulmonary auscultation with bilateral crackles and wheezes.

Posaconazole as rescue therapy in African histoplasmosis.

African histoplasmosis is a granulomatous mycosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii. Treatment is usually extrapolated from guidelines for classical histoplasmosis, and includes 2-4 weeks of amphotericin B followed by a step-down maintenance therapy with itraconazole.

Indoor air pollution on nurseries and primary schools: impact on childhood asthma--study protocol.

Background: Several studies have demonstrated an association between the exposure to indoor air pollution (IAP) and childhood asthma. Evidence is suggesting that several air pollutants may contribute to both exacerbation and development of asthma, but some uncertainty remains concerning the specific causative role of IAP. This paper reports an epidemiologic study aiming to reduce the existing lacks on the association between long-term exposure to pollution mixtures and the development and exacerbation of childhood asthma.

Carbamazepine-induced interstitial pneumonitis associated with pan-hypogammaglobulinemia.

Carbamazepine remains a first-line drug for treatment of epilepsy in children. A wide variety of side effects have been attributed to its use, including a mild involvement of the immune system, usually a transient decline in IgA. Pulmonary complications, including interstitial pneumonitis, were mainly described in adults, and are considered rare side effects.