Untreated women with first trimester fasting glycaemia 92-125 mg/dL and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in the 24-28th week OGTT: prevalence and predictors.

Introduction: Women with first trimester fasting glycaemia (FTFG) 92-125 mg/dL may present with normal 24-28th week OGTT (2T-OGTT). Predictors of persistent hyperglycaemia were scarcely investigated. We studied the prevalence and predictors of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the 2T-OGTT in women with untreated elevated FTFG.

Development and internal validation of a clinical score to predict neonatal hypoglycaemia in women with gestational diabetes.

Introduction: Gestational diabetes (GD) is a risk factor for neonatal hypoglycaemia (NH), but other factors can increase this risk.

Objectives: To create a score to predict NH in women with GD.

Methods: Retrospective study of women with GD with a live singleton birth between 2012 and 2017 from the Portuguese GD registry.

The solute carrier SLC7A1 may act as a protein transporter at the blood-brain barrier.

Despite extensive research, targeted delivery of substances to the brain still poses a great challenge due to the selectivity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Most molecules require either carrier- or receptor-mediated transport systems to reach the central nervous system (CNS). These transport systems form attractive routes for the delivery of therapeutics into the CNS, yet the number of known brain endothelium-enriched receptors allowing the transport of large molecules into the brain is scarce.

Update on the M-pox virus and safety measures taken against it globally.

Globally, more than 50 countries have been affected by Monkey pox virus after COVID-19 has subsided. WHO declared "public health emergency of international concern" in year 2022 because of virus affecting 60,000 people in just one month that belonged to clade-IIb. Previously, it had been transmitted by body fluids, lesions and touching items, but fresh transmission is via sexual activity among bisexuals and man to man sex (MSM).

Multicenter evaluation of BioFire JI panel related to improved microbiological diagnostics on acute osteoarticular infections.

Microbiological diagnosis of osteoarticular infections (OI) is crucial for a successful treatment. A prospective multicenter study including 262 synovial fluids with suspicion of acute OI was performed between July 2021 and October of 2022. BioFire Joint Infection Panel multiplex-PCR test was performed and results were compared with conventional cultures of synovial fluid specimens.

Comparison of the accuracy of the Friedewald, Martin, and Sampson formulas to estimate very low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Introduction: The Martin (MF) and Sampson (SF) formulas have shown greater accuracy for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) < 70 mg/dL compared to the Friedewald formula (FF); however, some disagreement is maintained. Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) are alternatives to assessing cardiovascular risk in patients with very low LDL-C. The objective was to evaluate the accuracy of FF, MF, and SF formulas to estimate LDL-C < 70 mg/dL vs.

Association between foetal sex and adverse neonatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes.

Aims: Foetal male sex is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. However, studies evaluating the impact of foetal sex on perinatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes (GDM) are scarce. We studied whether male new-born sex is associated with neonatal outcomes, in women with GDM.

Analysis of Potential Risk Factors for Multidrug-Resistance at a Burn Unit.

Background: Infections by multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in burn patients. This study aimed to analyze the evolution of MDR bacteria over a five-year period at Coimbra Burns Unit (CBU) in Portugal, seeking to assess the possible associations of specific bacteria with presumed risk factors.

Methods: The data obtained consisted of identified bacteria present in any microbiological sample from each patient (including blood, central venous catheter, urine, tracheal aspirate and/or wound exudate).

An innovative strategy to identify new targets for delivering antibodies to the brain has led to the exploration of the integrin family.

Background: Increasing brain exposure of biotherapeutics is key to success in central nervous system disease drug discovery. Accessing the brain parenchyma is especially difficult for large polar molecules such as biotherapeutics and antibodies because of the blood-brain barrier. We investigated a new immunization strategy to identify novel receptors mediating transcytosis across the blood-brain barrier.

In vitro activity of imipenem/relebactam against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates recovered from ICU patients in Spain and Portugal (SUPERIOR and STEP studies).

Objectives: To study the in vitro activity of imipenem/relebactam and comparators and the imipenem/relebactam resistance mechanisms in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa collection from Portugal (STEP, 2017-18) and Spain (SUPERIOR, 2016-17) surveillance studies.

Methods: P. aeruginosa isolates (n = 474) were prospectively recovered from complicated urinary tract (cUTI), complicated intra-abdominal (cIAI) and lower respiratory tract (LRTI) infections in 11 Portuguese and 8 Spanish ICUs.

Imipenem-Relebactam Susceptibility in Isolates Recovered from ICU Patients from Spain and Portugal (SUPERIOR and STEP Studies).

Imipenem-relebactam is a novel β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combination. We evaluated the activity of imipenem-relebactam and comparators against clinical isolates recovered in 8 Spanish and 11 Portuguese intensive care units (ICUs) (SUPERIOR, 2016-2017; STEP, 2017-2018). Overall, 747 isolates (378 Escherichia coli, 252 Klebsiella spp.

, a skin-colonising microorganism with pathogenic capacity: a case of polymicrobial intracranial empyema.

is a Gram-positive anaerobic facultative coccus that colonises the skin. Human infection is rare, with very few cases being described in the literature. The authors present the case of a 17-year-old man, with a history of cholesteatoma, diagnosed with mastoiditis complicated by intracranial empyema.

The utility of prolactin serial sampling and the best prolactin cut-offs associated with persistent hyperprolactinemia.

Background: A single prolactin sampling is recommended for the diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia. We aimed to study the utility of the prolactin serial sampling and to determine the best cut-offs associated with persistent hyperprolactinemia.

Methods: Retrospective study of hyperprolactinemic patients [referral prolactin (rPRL)] that underwent prolactin serial samplings.

Metformin combined with insulin in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a propensity score-matched study.

Aim: Metformin use in gestational diabetes (GDM) is a common practice. Although its use in combination with insulin might be advantageous, it was never formally tested. We studied whether combined treatment was associated with better obstetric or neonatal outcomes compared to insulin alone.

Confronting Ceftolozane-Tazobactam Susceptibility in Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacterales Isolates and Whole-Genome Sequencing Results (STEP Study).

Ceftolozane-tazobactam (C/T) is frequently used for infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR)-Enterobacterales isolates. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS, Illumina-Hiseq 4000/NovaSeq 6000, OGC, UK) was used to study the population structure, the resistome and the virulome of C/T-susceptible and -resistant MDR Escherichia spp. (n=30) and Klebsiella spp.

Molecular and Functional Study of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1-4 at the Rat and Human Blood-Brain Barrier Reveals Interspecies Differences.

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1-4 (TRPV1-4) expression and functionality were investigated in brain microvessel endothelial cells (BMEC) forming the blood-brain barrier (BBB) from rat and human origins. In rat, Trpv1-4 were detected by qRT-PCR in the brain cortex, brain microvessels, and in primary cultures of brain microvessel endothelial cells [rat brain microvessel endothelial cells (rPBMEC)]. A similar expression profile in isolated brain microvessels and rPBMEC was found with the following order: > > > .

Correction: A Prediction Rule to Stratify Mortality Risk of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Distinct epidemiology and resistance mechanisms affecting ceftolozane/tazobactam in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates recovered from ICU patients in Spain and Portugal depicted by WGS.

Objectives: To analyse the epidemiology, the resistome and the virulome of ceftolozane/tazobactam-susceptible or -resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates recovered from surveillance studies in Portugal (STEP, 2017-18) and Spain (SUPERIOR, 2016-17).

Methods: P. aeruginosa isolates were recovered from intra-abdominal, urinary tract and lower respiratory tract infections in ICU patients admitted to 11 Portuguese and 8 Spanish hospitals.

Non-Human Primate Blood-Brain Barrier and In Vitro Brain Endothelium: From Transcriptome to the Establishment of a New Model.

The non-human primate (NHP)-brain endothelium constitutes an essential alternative to human in the prediction of molecule trafficking across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This study presents a comparison between the NHP transcriptome of freshly isolated brain microcapillaries and in vitro-selected brain endothelial cells (BECs), focusing on important BBB features, namely tight junctions, receptors mediating transcytosis (RMT), ABC and SLC transporters, given its relevance as an alternative model for the molecule trafficking prediction across the BBB and identification of new brain-specific transport mechanisms. In vitro BECs conserved most of the BBB key elements for barrier integrity and control of molecular trafficking.