Evaluation of Digital Mental Health Technologies in the United States: Systematic Literature Review and Framework Synthesis.

Background: Digital mental health technologies (DMHTs) have the potential to enhance mental health care delivery. However, there is little information on how DMHTs are evaluated and what factors influence their use.

Objective: A systematic literature review was conducted to understand how DMHTs are valued in the United States from user, payer, and employer perspectives.

Examining Sexual Health Organizational Networks in Urban African American Communities Using Social Network Theory.

Purpose: Collaboration among organizations offering sexual health and youth development services has the potential to provide youth with effective sexual health support. However, formally structured efforts (eg, coalition formation) may be impractical or unsuitable for low-income communities where resources are often already limited. Social network theories provide an alternative approach for building collaborative organizational networks.

Probiotic Supplementation for Promotion of Growth in Undernourished Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: Probiotic supplementation has been proposed as a therapeutic intervention to improve growth outcomes in children with undernutrition. The objective of this review is to synthesize the current evidence on probiotic supplementation for promotion of growth in undernourished children.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, and Scopus for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that administered probiotics or eligible comparators to undernourished children below 5 years of age.

Loss of control as a transdiagnostic feature in obesity-related eating behaviours: A systematic review.

Objective: Emerging evidence suggests that loss of control (LOC) may present as a common feature across disordered eating behaviours. However, there has been limited research on the transdiagnostic nature of LOC in this area. The primary aim of this study was to systematically review disordered eating behaviours and measures of LOC in clinical and non-clinical populations.

Use of protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis as a model recombinant antigen to evaluate toll-like receptors 2, 3, 4, 7 and 9 agonists in mice using established functional antibody assays, antigen-specific antibody assays and cellular assays.

Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists can act as immune stimulants alone or as part of alum or oil formulations. Humoral and cellular immune responses were utilized to assess quantitative and qualitative immune response enhancement by TLR agonists using recombinant protective antigen (rPA) of B. anthracis as a model antigen.

The Effect of Consumption of Animal Milk Compared to Infant Formula for Non-Breastfed/Mixed-Fed Infants 6-11 Months of Age: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Many infants do not receive breastmilk for the recommended 2-year duration. Instead, alternative milk beverages are often used, including infant formula and raw animal milk products. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the effect of animal milk consumption, compared to infant formula, on health outcomes in non-breastfed or mixed-fed infants aged 6-11 months.

Probiotic Supplementation for Promotion of Growth in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Probiotics are commonly prescribed to promote a healthy gut microbiome in children. Our objective was to investigate the effects of probiotic supplementation on growth outcomes in children 0-59 months of age. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis which included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that administered probiotics to children aged 0-59 months, with growth outcomes as a result.

Implementation problems and adaptations among organizations delivering school-based dental sealant programs.

Objectives: Although research supports the effectiveness of school-based dental sealant programs (SBDSPs) in increasing access to dental care and reducing dental caries, there is limited information on the implementation processes that impact success at the population level. This study assessed SBDSP program implementation in terms of problems (and adaptations) encountered during school and client (students) recruitment, client attendance, and workforce capacity. These four factors are necessary for reaching eligible youth.

National-Level Disparities in Internet Access Among Low-Income and Black and Hispanic Youth: Current Population Survey.

Background: Internet access is increasingly critical for adolescents with regard to obtaining health information and resources, participating in web-based health promotion, and communicating with health practitioners. However, past work demonstrates that access is not uniform among youth in the United States, with lower access found among groups with higher health-related needs. Population-level data yield important insights about access and internet use in the United States.

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Dissemination: Adapting Diffusion Theory to Examine PrEP Adoption.

PrEP adoption among African-American men-who-have-sex-with-men (AAMSM) remains low. We applied Diffusion-of-Innovations (DOI) theory to understand PrEP adoption processes among young HIV-negative/status unknown AAMSM (AAYMSM; N = 181; 17-24 years). Quantitative and qualitative analyses were used to examine predictors of PrEP diffusion stages.

Effect of consumption of animal milk compared to infant formula for non-breastfed/mixed-fed infants 6-11 months of age: a systematic review (protocol).

Introduction: Prevalence rates of breastfeeding remain low even though the World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend exclusive breast feeding for the first 6 months of life in combination with appropriate complementary feeding beyond six 6 months of age. There have been several studies that address the implication of drinking animal milk and/or infant formula on children's health and development when breast feeding is not offered during the first year of life. Vast improvements have been made in infant formula design, which may increase its benefits compared with animal's milk.

Shifting Coronavirus Disease 2019 Testing Policy and Research to Include the Full Translation Pipeline.

The current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 testing policy and practice limits testing as a prevention tool. Radical shifts are required to increase the scale of rapid testing strategies and improve dissemination and implementation of venue-based and self-testing approaches. Attention to the full translation pipeline is required to reach high-risk segments of the population.

Ineffective Antibiotic Prophylaxis: An Unusual Presentation of Infective Endocarditis with Insights into the Appropriateness of Prophylaxis.

The practice of antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of infective endocarditis (IE) has undergone a major paradigm shift over the past few decades. From the earlier practice of antibiotic prophylaxis for all patients undergoing dental procedures, since 2006, the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines have now narrowed down the indications to use it only in patients at high risk for IE. A true concern for antibiotic resistance remains eminent when used without appropriate indications.

Stress, savouring, and coping: The role of savouring in psychological adjustment following a stressful life event.

There is increasing research on the role of savouring positive emotional experience in the context of stress. As such, we need a better understanding of how savouring and coping relate to each other and to psychological adjustment outcomes following a stressful life event. In particular, this study seeks to understand whether savouring is better conceptualized as a coping resource or a coping response.

Overcoming cultural barriers to implementing oral HIV self-testing with high fidelity among Tanzanian youth.

Tanzanian youth have high levels of HIV risk and poor access to HIV-testing. Oral self-implemented testing (Oral-SIT) provides an alternative that reduces barriers to HIV-testing. We examined adaptations to Oral-SIT training components in a randomized experiment to evaluate a "train-the-trainer" strategy for improving comprehension of graphic training materials.

Use of effective training and quality assurance strategies is associated with high-fidelity EBI implementation in practice settings: a case analysis.

High-quality implementation of evidence-based interventions is important for program effectiveness and is influenced by training and quality assurance (QA). However, gaps in the literature contribute to a lack of guidance on training and supervision in practice settings, particularly when significant adaptations in programs occur. We examine training and QA in relationship to program fidelity among organizations delivering a widely disseminated HIV counseling and testing EBI in which significant adaptations occurred due to new testing technology.

Oral HIV Self-Implemented Testing: Performance Fidelity Among African American MSM.

Oral-Self Implemented HIV Testing (Oral-SIT) offers a low-cost way to extend the reach of HIV testing systems. It is unclear, however, if high risk populations are able to perform the test with high fidelity. Using a simulation-based research design, we administered desensitized Oral-SIT kits to African American MSM (AAMSM; 17-24 years, N = 178).

Updates on Nocardia Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in Solid Organ Transplantation.

Purpose Of Review: Due to their immunocompromised status, solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at risk for Nocardia infections. These infections often necessitate early invasive diagnostics alongside prolonged, often combination antimicrobial therapy. This review summarizes the importance of this pathogen in skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in SOT recipients inclusive of recently reported cases in the literature and an update on the epidemiology, diagnostics, and management.

"You've Gotta be Careful": Familial Messages Regarding Sexual Behavior and Sexual Relationships among African American Adolescents.

Background: Research on the sexual behaviors of African American youth has primarily focused on associated risks, with a dearth of studies examining a fuller representation of African American adolescents' sexual lives. This study explored the range of messages African American adolescents receive from family members regarding sexual behavior and sexual relationships.

Methods: Participants were 52 sexually experienced African American youth (male = 32, female = 20) between the ages of 15 and 17 recruited from community-based organizations in the United States.

Immunology beliefs as a factor in vaccine opposition among complementary and alternative medical providers.

Objectives: Parental pediatric vaccine decisions are influenced by parents' health provider networks. Complementary and alternative medical providers may be key influences in the networks of those parents who do not vaccinate their children.

Methods: From March to July 2013, we conducted semi-structured interviews of Oregon complementary and alternative medical providers ( = 36) in five disciplines likely to treat parents or children, or both, and whose practitioners are known to express opinions about vaccines and vaccination.

Intestinal Spirochetosis in an Immunocompetent Patient.

Intestinal spirochetosis (IS) is an infestation defined by the presence of spirochetes on the surface of the colonic mucosa. The implicated organisms can be or . We present the case of a 66-year-old man with a past medical history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, morbid obesity, and gastroesophageal reflux.

Non-Touch Aseptic Technique Maintains Sterility of Antibiotic-Admixed Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid.

There is a paucity of data on the sterility of peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) after drug admixture. International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) guidelines suggest using sterile technique when admixing antibiotics; however, the degree of sterility remains unclear. This issue is most pertinent when preparing take-home PDF for outpatient treatment of peritonitis.

Low Risk of Pneumonia From Pneumocystis jirovecii Infection in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Receiving Immune Suppression.

Background & Aims: Use of immunosuppressants and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may increase the risk of pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii (PJP). We assessed the risk of PJP in a population-based cohort of patients with IBD treated with corticosteroids, immune-suppressive medications, and biologics.

Methods: We performed a population-based cohort study of residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, diagnosed with Crohn's disease (n = 427) or ulcerative colitis (n = 510) from 1970 through 2011.