Short-term Increase in Risk of Overweight and Concomitant Systolic Blood Pressure Elevation in Treatment-Naïve Persons Starting INSTI-Based Antiretroviral Therapy.

Objective: Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) have been associated with weight gain, but their effect on short-term overweight and obesity incidence, blood pressure (BP), and metabolic markers has not been described in treatment-naïve people with HIV(PWH).

Method: Medical records of treatment-naïve persons starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the HIV Clinic of University Hospital of Elche, Spain, between January 2007 and July 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. Standard procedures included measurements of weight, BP, and metabolic assessment.

High-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia is associated with HIV-1 RNA rectal shedding in virologically suppressed MSM.

Objective: The protective effect of ART has not yet been definitively established in MSM. We aimed to characterize the factors associated with persistent HIV-1 RNA rectal shedding.

Methods: Prospective study including virologically suppressed MSM from an HIV cohort.

Coinfection with human herpesvirus 8 is associated with persistent inflammation and immune activation in virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients.

Objectives: Infection with co-pathogens is one of the postulated factors contributing to persistent inflammation and non-AIDS events in virologically-suppressed HIV-infected patients. We aimed to investigate the relationship of human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8), a vasculotropic virus implicated in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma, with inflammation and subclinical atherosclerosis in HIV-infected patients.

Methods: Prospective study including virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients.

Long-term effects of an intensive intervention in HIV-infected patients with moderate-high atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk.

Objectives: To evaluate the 5 year effects of an intensive intervention versus the standard-of-care intervention on cardiovascular risk factors in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods: This was a longitudinal study including virologically suppressed patients with at least two cardiovascular risk factors or a Framingham risk score ≥10%. Intensive and standard-of-care interventions aimed for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) <100 and <130 mg/dL, respectively, by using lipid-lowering drugs.

Increased carotid intima-media thickness associated with antibody responses to varicella-zoster virus and cytomegalovirus in HIV-infected patients.

Objective: We investigated the relationship of the Herpesviridiae with inflammation and subclinical atherosclerosis in HIV-infected patients.

Methods: Prospective study including virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients. IgG antibodies against herpesviruses, carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), endothelial function through flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery, and blood atherosclerosis biomarkers (hsCRP, TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, MDA, sCD14, sCD163, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, D-dimer, and PAI-1) were measured.

Contribution of interferon gamma release assays testing to the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in HIV-infected patients: a comparison of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In Tube, T-SPOT.TB and tuberculin skin test.

Background: Diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is the most effective strategy to control tuberculosis (TB) among patients with HIV infection. The tuberculin skin test (TST) was the only available method to identify LTBI. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the usefulness of the interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs): QuantiFERON-tuberculosis (TB) Gold-In-Tube test (QFG) and T-SPOT.

Negative effect of immunosuppressive therapy in the performance of the QuantiFERON gold in-tube test in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.

To compare the tuberculin skin test (TST) and QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test (QFG) for the detection of latent tuberculosis infection among patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases before antitumor necrosis factor-α therapy. A prospective study including 153 consecutive patients with rheumatoid arthritis (n = 53), psoriasis (n = 45), inflammatory bowel disease (n = 25), and spondyloarthropathy (n = 22) were included. QFG and TST were performed simultaneously.

Evaluation of endothelial function and subclinical atherosclerosis in association with hepatitis C virus in HIV-infected patients: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Relationship of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in HIV-infected patients remains controversial. We evaluated endothelial function and subclinical atherosclerosis in HIV-infected patients with and without HCV.

Methods: Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery and circulating levels of cell adhesion molecules (CAM) were measured in HCV/HIV-coinfected and HIV-monoinfected patients.

Early changes in parathyroid hormone concentrations in HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy with tenofovir.

Initiation of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) is associated with bone loss, which may be more intense with regimens including tenofovir. The underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Cross-sectional data have linked tenofovir with higher parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations in patients with vitamin D deficiency.

Treatment for hepatitis C virus with pegylated interferon-α plus ribavirin induces anti-atherogenic effects on cardiovascular risk biomarkers in HIV-infected and -uninfected patients.

Objectives: We investigated the influence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy with pegylated interferon-α plus ribavirin on cardiovascular disease risk through the serial measurement of several laboratory markers in HCV-monoinfected and HCV/HIV-coinfected patients.

Methods: In a longitudinal study, biomarkers of inflammation, coagulation and oxidative stress were measured during and after therapy.

Results: A total of 56 patients were included; 32 (57.

Seroprevalence of HTLV infection among immigrant pregnant women in the Mediterranean coast of Spain.

Background: Universal HTLV antenatal screening is currently not mandatory in European countries. However, the large number of immigrants coming from HTLV-I endemic areas might force to change this recommendation in the near future.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of HTLV infections in immigrant pregnant women attended in a general Hospital in the Mediterranean coast of Spain.

A highly sensitive and specific model for predicting HIV-1 tropism in treatment-experienced patients combining interpretation of V3 loop sequences and clinical parameters.

Background: Phenotypic assays are considered the gold standard for HIV-1 tropism assessment. However, they are expensive and not widely available. Genotypic assays may provide an easier alternative, but their sensitivity remains low.

Performance of genotypic algorithms for predicting HIV-1 tropism measured against the enhanced-sensitivity Trofile coreceptor tropism assay.

The objectives of this study were to assess the performance of genotypic algorithms for predicting CXCR4-using virus, with enhanced sensitivity Trofile HIV coreceptor tropism assay (ES Trofile) as the reference, and to compare the concordance/accuracy of genotypic tests with ES Trofile and with the original Trofile assay. Paired phenotypic and genotypic determinations of HIV-1 coreceptor usage were compared in plasma samples from HIV-1-infected patients. Sequencing of the third hypervariable (V3) loop of the viral gene and phenotypic assays were performed for each sample.