The microbial community from the early-plant colonizer (Baccharis linearis) is required for plant establishment on copper mine tailings.

Plants must deal with harsh environmental conditions when colonizing abandoned copper mine tailings. We hypothesized that the presence of a native microbial community can improve the colonization of the pioneer plant, Baccharis linearis, in soils from copper mining tailings. Plant growth and microbial community compositions and dynamics were determined in cultivation pots containing material from two abandoned copper mining tailings (Huana and Tambillos) and compared with pots containing fresh tailings or surrounding agricultural soil.

Baseline determination in social, health, and genetic areas in communities affected by glyphosate aerial spraying on the northeastern Ecuadorian border.

The northeastern Ecuadorian border has undergone aerial spraying with an herbicide mix that contains surfactants and adjuvants, executed by the Colombian Government. The purpose of this study was to diagnose social, health, and genetic aspects of the people affected by glyphosate. For this objective to be achieved, 144 people were interviewed, and 521 medical diagnoses and 182 peripheral blood samples were obtained.

Anatomical variations in the human paranasal sinus region studied by CT.

A precise knowledge of the anatomy of the paranasal sinuses is essential for the clinician. Conventional radiology does not permit a detailed study of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, and has now largely been replaced by computerised tomographic (CT) imaging. This gives an applied anatomical view of the region and the anatomical variants that are very often found.

Skeletal maturation of wrist and hand ossification centers in normal Spanish boys and girls: a study using the Greulich-Pyle method.

The skeletal maturation of the upper limb distal segment was studied in 239 Spanish boys and girls between birth and 14 years of age. The atlas of Greulich and Pyle, offering standards of skeletal development of white North American children, was used as reference. The results obtained show firstly that in absolute terms, the ossification process is earlier in girls than in boys.

Microsurgical anatomy of the human ophthalmic artery: a mesoscopic study of its origin, course and collateral branches.

In the present paper we have studied the gross (mesoscopic) anatomy of the ophthalmic a. in humans, using magnification by microsurgical systems to obtain data on the origin and course of this artery and its main collateral branches. Comparison of our results with previous reports indicates that, although the anatomical variations of the vascular system are well known, some patterns of frequency may be emphasised.

Anatomical study of the branches emerging along the intracavernous course of the internal carotid artery in humans.

The introduction in the sixties of magnification tools in surgery has created the need for a precise anatomical knowledge of morphological structures that was previously unnecessary from a clinical perspective. In the present paper, we have centred our attention on the intracavernous portion of the internal carotid artery (arteria carotis interna) in humans for applicative purposes. With the aid of a surgical microscope and the corresponding microdissecting material we have analysed the branches emerging from this arterial segment.

Nigrocaudate and nigroputaminal projections in the monkey.

Following injections of tracers into the caudate nucleus, the putamen or into both structures of the same cerebral hemisphere, retrograde cell labeling in the nigral complex of the squirrel monkey has been analyzed. Our goal was to investigate a possible relation of the retrograde neuronal labeling in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) with the histochemical compartmentalization of this structure detected with the aid of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) technique. Our results confirmed that in the squirrel monkey there was a very precise topography in the nigrostriatal projection system as a whole, and also in the nigrocaudate and nigroputaminal projection systems considered separately.

Morphometric study of the orbit's base in male and female skulls of Spaniards.

A morphometric study of the width and the height of the orbit's base (ADITUS ORBITAE) has been made. This study has been carried out on 100 skulls (70 male and 30 female) belonging to an European (Spaniards Andalusians) population. We have also made an orbit's classification according to the orbitary index.

Study of the anatomic metric values of the foramen magnum and its relation to sex.

The sagittal and transverse diameters of the foramen magnum were examined in 100 human skulls (74 male, 26 female). The results were statistically analyzed and compared with those obtained by other authors. Our findings show that the sagittal and transverse diameters are clearly different, as well as the total area of the foramen magnum, these parameters being larger in male skulls than in female.

Descriptive and topographical study of the head by direct coronal computed tomography.

Direct coronal Computed Tomography of the head were performed in 20 normal subjects, following intravenous administration of iodinated contrast. Coronal scans, with thickness of 13 mm, were descriptively and topographically analyzed. Base plane of the section, tomography images and subject's position were compared with other authors.