Effect of Adopting a Timothy Hay-based Diet at Weaning or in Adulthood on Urinary Tract Parameters in Strain 13/N Guinea Pigs ().

Type of feed is an important consideration in herbivore colony management, yet limited studies report on the effects of diet on common conditions such as urolithiasis in guinea pigs. Urolithiasis is a well-documented cause of lower urinary tract disease in guinea pigs, with calcium carbonate uroliths reported as the predominant calculi formed in the guinea pig urinary tract. A calcium-rich diet has been suggested as a risk factor for of urolithiasis, with numerous commercially available guinea pig diets formulated for adults avoiding ingredients that are higher in calcium.

Pharmacokinetic Study of Islatravir and Etonogestrel Implants in Macaques.

The prevention of HIV and unintended pregnancies is a public health priority. Multi-purpose prevention technologies capable of long-acting HIV and pregnancy prevention are desirable for women. Here, we utilized a preclinical macaque model to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of biodegradable ε-polycaprolactone implants delivering the antiretroviral islatravir (ISL) and the contraceptive etonogestrel (ENG).

Evaluation of the quality of life in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in two health institutions, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in the pediatric and juvenile population that affects the quality of life of patients. Objective: To evaluate the quality of life of a pediatric population under 18 years of age diagnosed with type 1 diabetes from two pediatric institutions in the city of Bogotá. Material and methods: We collected of sociodemographic data and clinical variables and application of the PedsQL 4.

Volume-Associated Clinical and Histopathological Effects of Intranasal Instillation in Syrian Hamsters: Considerations for Infection and Therapeutic Studies.

Syrian hamsters are a key animal model of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses and are useful for the evaluation of associated medical countermeasures. Delivery of an infectious agent or intervention to the respiratory tract mirrors natural routes of exposure and allows for the evaluation of clinically relevant therapeutic administration. The data to support instillation or inoculation volumes are important both for optimal experimental design and to minimize or avoid effects of diluent alone, which may compromise both data interpretation and animal welfare.

Neuropsychological and physical development of patients diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism at the San Ignacio University Hospital between 2001 and 2017.

Introduction: Congenital hypothyroidism is the leading cause of preventable cognitive disability in the world. Therefore, screening programs have been developed in order to reduce the neurological sequelae associated with this pathology. Objective: To describe the demographic characteristics, the treatment, and the follow-up of patients diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism in the screening program at the San Ignacio University Hospital in Bogotá, Colombia.

Genetic and Epigenetic Control of Puberty.

Puberty is a complex transitional phase in which reproductive capacity is achieved. There is a very wide variation in the age range of the onset of puberty, which follows a familial, ethnic, and sex pattern. The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and several genetic, environmental, and nutritional factors play an important role in the onset of and throughout puberty.

Clinical and Molecular Cytogenetic Characteristics of Five Cases with Isodicentric Y Chromosome.

Isodicentric Y chromosome [idic(Y)] is one of the most common structural abnormalities of the Y chromosome and has been observed in patients with reproductive disorders and in patients with disorders of sexual development. Most idic(Y) chromosomes are found in mosaic form with a 45,X cell line. These chromosomes are highly unstable during mitosis due to the presence of 2 centromers, which explains their probable loss in early mitosis or mitosis of the embryo and therefore the presence of the 45,X line.

Characterization of patients diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism at the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio between 2001 and 2017.

Introduction: Congenital hypothyroidism is a preventable cause of cognitive disability. Due to the absence of symptoms and signs in the newborn, it is necessary to perform screening tests. Its incidence ranges between 1:2,500 and 1:6,000.

NF-κB Signaling in Astrocytes Modulates Brain Inflammation and Neuronal Injury Following Sequential Exposure to Manganese and MPTP During Development and Aging.

Chronic exposure to manganese (Mn) is associated with neuroinflammation and extrapyramidal motor deficits resembling features of Parkinson's disease. Activation of astrocytes and microglia is implicated in neuronal injury from Mn but it is not known whether early life exposure to Mn may predispose glia to more severe inflammatory responses during aging. We therefore examined astrocyte nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in mediating innate immune inflammatory responses during multiple neurotoxic exposures spanning juvenile development into adulthood.

Disorders of sex development: Genetic characterization of a patient cohort.

Disorders of sex development (DSDs) are congenital conditions in which the external appearance of the individual does not coincide with the chromosomal constitution or the gonadal sex. In other words, there is an ambiguous or intermediate condition between the male and female phenotypes of the anatomical sex. These atypical conditions are manifested in several ways, ranging from genital ambiguity to phenotypes that are so attenuated that they can go unnoticed or appear normal.

Gene dosage of DAX-1, determining in sexual differentiation: duplication of DAX-1 in two sisters with gonadal dysgenesis.

Two sisters phenotypically normal females, presenting with tumor abdominal mass with histopathological findings of teratoma and gonadoblastoma associated to 46,XY male-to-female sex reversal syndrome, secondary to a duplication in DAX-1, possibly inherited of maternal gonadal mosaicism. Copy number variation and functional effects of the duplication were done by MLPA multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and real time PCR. DAX-1, also known as dosage sensitive sex reversal gene (DSS), is considered the most likely candidate gene involved in XY gonadal dysgenesis when overexpressed.