genotype-phenotype correlation: current insights and unanswered questions.

The CYP2C19 enzyme is implicated in the metabolism of several clinically used drugs. Its phenotype is usually predicted by genotyping and indicates the expected enzymatic activity for each patient. However, with a few exceptions, genotyping has not resulted in a reliable prediction of the metabolizer status, since most of the evidence currently available for this prediction comes from research into populations of predominantly European ancestry.

Pharmacogenetics and ethnicity: relevance for clinical implementation, clinical trials, pharmacovigilance and drug regulation in Latin America.

Congress of Pharmacogenetics and Personalized Medicine. Ethnicity, clinical implementation and regulatory environment (MESTIFAR 2016 Quito) Quito, Ecuador, 19-21 May 2016. The Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics (RIBEF) was created in 2006 with the main aim of promoting personalized medicine and collaborative pharmacogenetics research in Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking countries in America and the Iberian Peninsula.