Multimedia stream hashing: A forensic method for content verification.

Forensic examination of digital audio, video, and images frequently requires transforming multimedia data from one format to another. The transformative activity may cause changes to the administrative elements of the file but leave the multimedia streams unchanged and intact. However, the forensic science community has a method knowledge gap in accurately determining if the multimedia streams changed or remained the same in the transformative processes.

Applications of ENF criterion in forensic audio, video, computer and telecommunication analysis.

This article reports on the electric network frequency criterion as a means of assessing the integrity of digital audio/video evidence and forensic IT and telecommunication analysis. A brief description is given to different ENF types and phenomena that determine ENF variations. In most situations, to reach a non-authenticity opinion, the visual inspection of spectrograms and comparison with an ENF database are enough.