CCR1 antagonist as a potential modulator of inflammatory, autophagic, and apoptotic markers in spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to severe and lasting impairments in motor and sensory functions. The intense inflammatory response following SCI is a significant challenge, and autophagy has emerged as a key factor in the recovery process. The C-C chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1), a G-protein coupled receptor, plays a crucial role in managing the chemokine response under stress.

Limitations of Continuous Neural Monitoring in Thyroid Surgery.

Continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring is currently the gold standard technique available to prevent recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries. It significantly reduces the complication rate compared with intermittent intraoperative neuromonitoring, and represents significant progress in thyroid surgery, particularly in cases of more difficult dissections. There are, however, some technological and interpretative limits related to the lack of standardization of continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring and the prolonged length of time employed in the surgical positioning of the probe, despite various proposed approaches to the vagal nerve.

Staged Thyroidectomy: A Single Institution Perspective.

Background: The increasing use of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) in thyroid surgery has revealed the need to develop new strategies for cases in which a loss of signal (LOS) occurs on the first side of a planned total thyroidectomy.

Objectives: This study reviews the experience of the authors in using IONM for planned total thyroidectomy after LOS on the first thyroid lobe. The aims were to estimate the incidence of LOS on the first side of resection and to compare intraoperative strategies applied after this event.

Metachronous bilateral ectopic breast carcinoma: a case report.

An incomplete regression of the mammary line during embryogenesis occurs in 0.2-6% of the population, which may result in the presence of ectopic breast tissue (EBT). The development of a carcinoma in the EBT is a rare event.

Activation of complement factor B contributes to murine and human myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.

The pathophysiology of myocardial injury that results from cardiac ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) is incompletely understood. Experimental evidence from murine models indicates that innate immune mechanisms including complement activation via the classical and lectin pathways are crucial. Whether factor B (fB), a component of the alternative complement pathway required for amplification of complement cascade activation, participates in the pathophysiology of myocardial I/R injury has not been addressed.

A rare case of giant papillary adenoma of the breast.

The authors present a case of giant papillary adenoma of the breast and discuss their therapeutic strategy. The patient subsequently returned due to a local recurrence, which was treated with oncoplastic surgery, with satisfactory aesthetic results. The authors conclude by stressing the considerable rarity of this disease and the need for effective cooperation between surgeons and pathologists.

[Adrenal incidentaloma in elderly patients].

The adrenal incidentaloma is a disease that, thanks to the progress of the modern diagnostic, means for the longer and more high quality of life, has given a progressive increase in its impact, which has become more apparent in the elderly population. The authors after a review of literature on the impact and diagnostic, troubleshooting data endocrinology and imaging, these adrenal gland silent tumor clinically poses, envisage a therapeutic for use in older patient protocol.

[Radio-guided parathyroidectomy].

The Authors, after a careful review of literature about the instrumental diagnostic techniques (with particular attention to the nuclear-medical ones) and the surgical therapy of parathyroid diseases, report their experience on the use of the radio-guided mininvasive surgery with MIBI and gamma-probe for intraoperative localization of pathological glands. Once exposed their experience, the Authors conclude asserting that this technique is fast, slightly invasive and expensive, and certainly useful for the detection of pathological or ectopic glands. It can be widely employed because, in comparison to its numerous advantages, such as the reduction of the operating time and of the hospital-stay, the greater radicality and the possibility to use mininvasive techniques, it does not present significant technical limitations and/or radio-protectionistic problems.

[Differentiated thyroid cancers].

The Authors, after a review of the topic of thyroid cancer, focus on the epidemiology, aetiology and diagnosis of well-differentiated thyroid cancers. They then describe their own case series and their many years' experience in treating the patients affected by this pathology, which is generally regarded as having low malignancy. Nowadays the Authors consider the treatment of choice the total thyroidectomy with central compartment lymphectomy, eventually associated with metabolic radiotherapy.

[Case report of a cervical thoracic duct cyst].

After a number of anatomical considerations regarding the thoracic duct and the diseases that may affect it, the authors report that, in the literature, such cystic lesions of an iatrogenic nature are extremely rare in the cervical area. After discussing the diagnostic methods for a correct preoperative diagnosis, they address the surgical technique they used for removal of the lesion.

[Hyperparathyroidism from mediastinal parathyroid adenoma. Case report].

The authors, after reviewing parathyroid gland diseases, their location, and the modern strategies that can be used for their pre-operative detection, describe a case of primary hyperparathyroidism which recently came to their attention. The use of a combination of instrumental techniques (US, scintigraphy and SPEcT) enabled them to establish, prior to surgery, the mediastinal ectopic site of the parathyroid adenoma. Mini-invasive surgery proved to be the optimal technique to performing a targeted surgical excision that reduced the operative time and the hospitalisation.

[Surgical treatment of uninodular gotter. Personal experience].

The Authors report their surgical experience in patients with uninodular goitre, and stress the trends in management benign and malignant lesions. The total thyroidecromy is the first choice. In some well selecrioned cases it is possible a videoassisted approach.

[Riedel's thyroiditis. Personal experience].

The Riedel's thyroiditis, also called "wood's thyroiditis", is a rare chronic "inflammatory" disease of unknown etiology, relatively frequent in female >45-50 years, characterized by a fibrotic process that pervades thyroid and neighbouring structures (vessels, muscles, oesophagus, trachea upper- mediastinum). The authors discuss about three cases of Riedel's thyroiditis and report the outcome after total thyroidectomy in two cases and sub-total resection in the other one.

[Idiopathic gynecomastia: our experience].

The Authors reporting their experience, discuss some concepts about physiologic evolution of male and female breast. They distinguish between real and false gynaecomastia; stressing the causes of abnormal development of male breast and morphopathological characteristics of gynaecomastia. Careful diagnostic protocol is necessary for a therapeutic approach based on traditional surgery or liposuction: it depends on prevalence of glandular or adipose breast's tissue.

[Tumor markers in malignant anorectal pathology].

The Authors note the limits and the more rational directions of using the several tumour markers that they utilized in the study of the neoplastic pathology of the anus-rectum. They particularly point out the benefit as "dynamic indices" of variation of the tumor mass during the neoplasm's progress and treatment. For these neoplasies any new marker offers advantages of diagnostic accuracy and a greater specificity more CEA.

[Prognostic factors in gastric cancer. A clinical contribution].

The Authors, after pointing out how incidence of gastric cancer has been reducing last decades, dwell upon environmental and genetic factors that may be linked to the occurrence of such neoplasia. After reporting the data of a retrospective study, they consider the survival rates related to the clinical stage and site of the tumor as well as the therapeutic treatment adopted. They conclude that, even though today gastric cancer is a neoplasia with a still unfavourable prognosis, an early diagnosis and a proper therapeutic procedure may give sufficient guarantees of success.

[Use of mebendazole in the treatment of pulmonary hydatidosis].

After recalling the various therapeutic aids proposed for the treatment of hydatid disease, personal experience in the use of mebendazole in patients suffering from pulmonary hydatidosis is reported. On the basis of the results obtained, it is concluded that mebendazole represents a useful therapeutic approach provided it is administered in full doses and for a long period in well selected cases, namely patients with cysts of limited dimension and, probably, of comparatively recent onset.