A Binational Sample-Initiated Retrospective Outbreak Investigation of Listeria monocytogenes Infections in the United States and Canada Linked to Enoki Mushrooms Imported from China 2022-2023.

In 2022, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.

The neuroendocrine stress response impairs hippocampal vascular function and memory in male and female rats.

Chronic psychological stress affects brain regions involved in memory such as the hippocampus and accelerates age-related cognitive decline, including in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. However, little is known about how chronic stress impacts hippocampal vascular function that is critically involved in maintaining neurocognitive health that could contribute to stress-related memory dysfunction. Here, we used a novel experimental rat model that mimics the neuroendocrine and cardiovascular aspects of chronic stress to determine how the neuroendocrine components of the stress response affect hippocampal function.

Using metabolic markers to identify insulin resistance in premenopausal women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Quantifying IR is invasive and time-consuming, and thus not routinely used in clinical practice. Simple metabolic markers to predict IR exist, but have not been validated in premenopausal women or women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Assessing Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Prevention Through Knowledge and Condom Use Among Female Sex Workers at the Border of Haiti and Dominican Republic.

Geographic border studies are relatively scare, but have the potential to inform bilateral health policies that affect the well-being of female sex workers (FSWs) who work at these borders as well as those individuals who solicit their services, both groups being at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We applied bivariate and multivariate techniques to examine FSWs' HIV knowledge and condom use across three partner types, at the Haiti Dominican Republic border, using data from the Study on Sex Workers ( = 241, 2014). Condom use was significantly lower among FSWs on the Haitian side of the border compared to the Dominican side, yet levels of HIV knowledge were similar; specifically, 81% of respondents on the Dominican side reported using condoms every time they had sex with a client, compared to 38% of peers in Haiti ( < 0.

Assessment of Resistance to Organophosphates and Pyrethroids in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae): Do Synergists Affect Mortality?

Aedes aegypti (L.) is the primary vector of Zika, dengue, yellow fever, and chikungunya viruses. Insecticides used in mosquito control can help prevent the spread of vector-borne diseases.

Predictors of iron-deficiency anemia in primary care older adults: a real-world European multi-country longitudinal study.

Background: Iron deficiency is a major cause of anemia in older people. Increasing the knowledge on the predictors of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) may facilitate its timely diagnosis.

Aim: To investigate the predictors of IDA in older people in four European countries.

Inhibition of LDL oxidation and inflammasome assembly by nitroaliphatic derivatives. Potential use as anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic agents.

We have previously shown the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of several para-substituted arylnitroalkenes. Since oxidative stress and inflammation are key processes that drive the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, in the present work the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties of an extended library of aryl-nitroaliphatic derivatives, including several newly designed nitroalkanes, was explored. The antioxidant capacity of the nitroaliphatic compounds, measured using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay (ORAC) showed that the p-methylthiophenyl-derivatives were about three times more effective than Trolox to prevent fluorescein oxidation, independently of the presence or the absence of the double bond next to the nitro group.

A cost-effectiveness modeling evaluation comparing a biosimilar follitropin alfa preparation with its reference product for live birth outcome in Germany, Italy and Spain.

Background/objective: Although biosimilar drugs may be cheaper to purchase than reference biological products, they may not be the most cost-effective treatment to achieve a desired outcome. The analysis reported here compared the overall costs to achieve live birth using the reference follitropin alfa (GONAL-f) or a biosimilar (Ovaleap) in Spain, Italy and Germany.

Methods: Patient and treatment data was obtained from published sources; assisted-reproductive technology, gonadotropin, follow-up and adverse-event-related costs were calculated from tariffs and reimbursement frameworks for each country.

Non-persistence risk and health care resource utilization of Italian patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.

The aim of this study is to compare discontinuation risk and health care resource utilization between vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in newly treated patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Based on administrative databases of five Italian Local Healthcare Units, all patients with a discharge diagnosis of NVAF between 2011 and 2014 were selected. Among them, the incident users of NOACs and VKAs in 2014 were followed-up to from the first prescription date to the occurrence of anyone of the following events: a 90-day gap in therapy, switch to a different molecule or add-on of a different molecule into the regimen, death of patient, end of follow-up (December 2015).

Severe intestinal malabsorption associated with ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker treatment. An observational cohort study in Germany and Italy.

Purpose: The angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) olmesartan has been recently associated with sprue-like enteropathy (SLE), a gastrointestinal condition characterized by intestinal malabsorption (IM) and severe diarrhea. Whether the increased risk of SLE is substance-specific or a class effect involving all ARBs is uncertain. The aim of this study is to assess the risk of enteropathy associated with ARBs and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-i) by using data from large administrative and claim databases.

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients with advanced lung cancer during the first-line treatment: assessment by physicians, nurses, and patients from an Italian multicenter survey.

Purpose: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) still represents a common side-effect of chemotherapy, and often, its perception differs between patients and healthcare professionals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agreement on the perception of CINV and other items among clinicians, patients, and nurses.

Methods: This observational prospective study was part of an evaluation program promoted by the Women Against Lung Cancer in Europe (WALCE) Onlus.

Unspecified intestinal malabsorption in patients treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers: a retrospective analysis in primary care settings.

Objective: To investigate the possible relationship between the use of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) or Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE-i) and unspecified intestinal malabsorption (IM) within the Italian and German real-life context.

Research Design And Methods: a retrospective cohort of patients with a new unspecified IM diagnosis during the period 1 January 2010-31 December 2013 was extracted from Italian IMS Health Longitudinal Patient Database and German IMS Disease Analyzer. Only patients with at least one prescription of ARB or ACE-i medication during the 6 months preceding the IM diagnosis were included and then followed up for 12 months to assess treatment exposure.

Examining the Use of Magnesium Sulfate to Treat Pregnant Women with Preeclampsia and Eclampsia: Results of a Program Assessment of Emergency Obstetric Care (EmOC) Training in India.

Background: The aim of this study is to examine rates of magnesium sulfate utilization by emergency obstetric care trainees to treat preeclampsia-eclampsia in India. Secondarily, structural barriers are identified which limit the use of magnesium sulfate, highlighting limitations of emergency obstetric care training, which is a commonly implemented intervention in resource-poor settings.

Methods: Trainees' curriculum specified magnesium sulfate treatment for eclampsia and severe preeclampsia.

Clinical Implications of Switching Lipid Lowering Treatment from Rosuvastatin to Other Agents in Primary Care.

Introduction: Switching from any statin to another non-equipotent lipid lowering treatment (LLT) may cause a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increase and has been associated with a higher probability of negative cardiovascular outcomes. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of switching from rosuvastatin to any other LLT on clinical outcomes in primary care.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis based on data from IMS Health Longitudinal Patient Database, which is a general practice database including information of more than 1.

Medication patterns in chronic spontaneous urticaria: results from a nationwide investigation in the primary care setting in Italy.

Background: Only a few studies have assessed treatment usage in clinical practice among patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU).

Methods: The aim of this study was to evaluate patterns of medications used for CSU, analyzing the electronic patient records contained in the Italian general practice Health Search IMS Health Longitudinal Patient Database (HSD). The study period was from January 2002 to December 2013.

Vitamin D Status Relates to Reproductive Outcome in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Secondary Analysis of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Context: Experimental evidence supports a relevance of vitamin D (VitD) for reproduction; however, data in humans are sparse and inconsistent.

Objective: To assess the relationship of VitD status with ovulation induction (OI) outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Design: A retrospective cohort.

Italian neurologists' perception on cognitive symptoms in major depressive disorder.

The assessment of cognition is an important part of major depressive disorder (MDD) evaluation and a crucial issue is the physicians' perception of cognitive dysfunction in MDD that remains nowadays a little known matter. The present study aims at investigating the understanding of neurologists' perception about cognitive dysfunction in MDD. An on-line survey addressed to 85 Italian neurologists in the period between May and June 2015 was performed.

Epidemiology of iron deficiency anaemia in four European countries: a population-based study in primary care.

Objectives: Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a global public health concern, being responsible for about 800 000 deaths per year worldwide. To date, few studies have investigated the epidemiology of IDA in Europe. This study therefore aimed to assess the incidence rate and determinants of IDA in four European countries.

Epidemiology of chronic spontaneous urticaria: results from a nationwide, population-based study in Italy.

Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a common skin disease, but there is a paucity of precise epidemiological data on this disease.

Objectives: To obtain information on the epidemiology of CSU in Italy.

Methods: The data source was the Health Search IMS Health Longitudinal Patient Database.

Italian psychiatrists' perception on cognitive symptoms in major depressive disorder.

Objective: Differently than Schizophrenia, the investigation of cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder (MDD) attracted the interest of research only recently. Therefore, it is worth understanding clinicians' perception about cognitive dysfunction in MDD and raising awareness about this issue.

Methods: Between December 2014 and January 2015, 128 Italian psychiatrists participated in an on-line survey aiming at understanding psychiatrists' perception about cognitive symptoms in MDD.

Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Arylnitroalkenes.

In a recent work, we described the design and synthesis of arylnitroalkenes, able to scavenge macrophagederived oxidants, in particular peroxynitrite and peroxynitrite derived radicals. Four compounds emerged as potential leads, 1,1-dimethylamino-4-(2-nitro-1Z-ethenyl)benzene (1), 1,1-dimethylamino-4-(2-nitro-1Z-propenyl)benzene (2), 5- (2-nitro-1Z-ethenyl)benzo[d][1,3]dioxol (3), and 5-(2-nitro-1Z-ethenyl)benzo[d][1,3]dioxol (4). In the present work, the possibility of the preclinical validation of these molecules as anti-inflammatory and analgesic was explored in appropriate in vivo mouse models.

An assessment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting direct costs in three EU countries.

Background: chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) has been commonly reported as one of the most distressing adverse effects among treated patients with cancer. Inadequately treated, CINV can lead to increased resource utilization and severely impair patients' daily functioning and quality of life. Direct costs include acquisition cost of antiemetic drugs and rescue medication, administration devices, add-on treatments, such as hydration, and additional patient care, that is, nursing and physician time, unscheduled office visits, emergency room admissions, and, in some cases, extended hospitalization or readmission.

Gestational hypothyroidism: development of mild hypothyroidism in early pregnancy in previously euthyroid women.

Objective: To determine the proportion of euthyroid women attending a fertility practice who develop hypothyroidism in very early pregnancy (gestational hypothyroidism [GHT]), and to examine the association of GHT with exogenous gonadotropin treatment.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: A private reproductive medicine practice.

Smoking in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome: baseline validation of self-report and effects on phenotype.

Study Question: Do women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) seeking fertility treatment report smoking accurately and does participation in infertility treatment alter smoking?

Summary Answer: Self-report of smoking in infertile women with PCOS is accurate (based on serum cotinine levels) and smoking is unlikely to change over time with infertility treatment.

What Is Known Already: Women with PCOS have high rates of smoking and it is associated with worse insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction.

Study Design, Size, Duration: Secondary study of smoking history from a large randomized controlled trial of infertility treatments in women with PCOS (N = 626) including a nested case-control study (N = 148) of serum cotinine levels within this cohort to validate self-report of smoking.