Drivers and Barriers to Tolerable and Effective Treatment for ADHD: The Importance of Treatment Perseverance and Duration of Effect.

Objective: To examine treatment outcomes for classes of ADHD drugs in conjunction with physicians' prescribing rationales and the utility of treatment perseverance in treatment effectiveness.

Methods: A retrospective non-interventional study using physician-provided chart data for treated adolescent and adult ADHD patients in the United States (April-June 2019). Multivariable analyses compared the effectiveness and tolerability of drug classes.

Vertebral Artery Dissection.

Vertebral artery dissections are a rare pathology that carries a high risk of stroke in a younger population. They may be caused by minor mechanisms and the index of suspicion should be high. Treatment with anticoagulation or antiplatelets should follow if no surgical management is indicated.

Evaluation of dermal toxicity and toxicokinetics of povidone‑iodine in Göttingen minipigs.

Background: Povidone‑iodine (PVP-I) is an effective and commonly used broad-spectrum antiseptic; limited information exists around its long-term safety and impact on endocrine disruption. We assessed the dermal toxicity and toxicokinetics following a once-daily application of 7.5% (w/v) and 10% (w/v) PVP-I in Göttingen Minipigs® for up to 39 weeks.

Aerobiology in High Latitudes: Evidence of Bacteria Acting as Tracer of Warm Air Mass Advection reaching Northern Antarctic Peninsula.

Despite the extent use of geochemical tracers to track warm air mass origin reaching the Antarctic continent, we present here evidences that microorganisms being transported by the atmosphere and deposited in fresh snow layers of Antarctic ice sheets do act as tracers of air mass advection from the Southern Patagonia region to Northern Antarctic Peninsula. We combined atmospheric circulation data with microorganism content in snow/firn samples collected in two sites of the Antarctic Peninsula (King George Island/Wanda glacier and Detroit Plateau) by using flow cytometer quantification. In addition, we cultivated, isolated and submitted samples to molecular sequencing to precise species classification.

The effect of the alpha-specific PI3K inhibitor alpelisib combined with anti-HER2 therapy in HER2+/PIK3CA mutant breast cancer.

Background: HER2 is amplified or overexpressed in around 20% of breast cancers (BC). HER2-targeted therapies have significantly improved the prognosis of patients with HER2+ BC, however, and acquired resistance to anti-HER2 treatment is common. Activating mutations in the gene are reported in ∼30% of HER2+ BC and are associated with resistance to anti-HER2 therapies and a poor prognosis.

High FOXA1 levels induce ER transcriptional reprogramming, a pro-metastatic secretome, and metastasis in endocrine-resistant breast cancer.

Aberrant activation of the forkhead protein FOXA1 is observed in advanced hormone-related cancers. However, the key mediators of high FOXA1 signaling remain elusive. We demonstrate that ectopic high FOXA1 (H-FOXA1) expression promotes estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC) metastasis in a xenograft mouse model.

An Innovative Low-Power, Low-Cost, Multi-Constellation Geodetic-Grade Global Navigation Satellite System Reference Station for the Densification of Permanent Networks: The GREAT Project.

Geodetic-grade Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers designed to implement permanent stations represent the most complex and costly technology in the field of GNSS instrumentation. On the other hand, a large number of innovative applications, highly demanding in terms of positioning precision and accuracy, is pushing the implementation of networks of permanent stations with a higher and higher spatial density. In this scenario, the development of brand new GNSS reference stations, which combine the most advanced technologies in the field of data availability and integrity together with reduced costs (of instrumentation, installation and management) is becoming of paramount importance.

Safety and Efficacy of Corneal Cross-Linking in Patients Affected by Keratoconus: Long-Term Results.

The present study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL). A total of 886 eyes with progressive keratoconus were enrolled in a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary care university hospital. CXL was performed using a standard epithelium-off Dresden protocol.

The Impact of the Addition of a Virtual Reality Trainer on Skill Retention of Tourniquet Application for Hemorrhage Control Among Emergency Medical Technician Students: A Pilot Study.

Introduction: Trauma is a leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) often arrive first at the scene of traumatic injuries to perform life-saving skills such as tourniquet placement. While current EMT courses teach and test tourniquet application, studies have shown efficacy and retention of EMT skills such as tourniquet placement decay over time, with educational interventions needed to improve retention of skills.

A Neurobehavioral Continuum of Care for Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities with Severe Problem Behavior.

The Neurobehavioral Programs at Kennedy Krieger Institute constitute a comprehensive continuum of care designed to serve individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities with co-occurring problem behavior. This continuum includes inpatient, intensive outpatient, outpatient, consultation, and follow-up services. The mission of these programs is to fully integrate patient care, research, training, and advocacy to achieve the best possible outcomes with patients, and to benefit the broader community of individuals with severe behavioral dysfunction.

Evaluation of a Post-Operative Therapy Protocol after Epithelium-Off Corneal Cross-Linking in Patients Affected by Keratoconus.

A large retrospective study evaluated the safety of a post-operative therapy protocol after epithelium-off corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL). In total, 1703 eyes of the 1190 patients with progressive keratoconus were enrolled in a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary care university hospital. CXL was performed using a standardized technique (Dresden protocol: 0.

European survey on the current surveillance practices, management guidelines, treatment pathways and heterogeneity of testing of Clostridioides difficile, 2018-2019: results from The Combatting Bacterial Resistance in Europe CDI (COMBACTE-CDI).

Background: Awareness and compliance with international guidelines for diagnosis and clinical management of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) are unknown.

Aim: To compare the awareness and compliance with the recommended strategies for diagnosis and clinical management of CDI across Europe in 2018-2019.

Methods: Hospital sites and their associated community practices across 12 European countries completed an online survey in 2018-2019, to report on their practices in terms of surveillance, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CDI.

Adding creatinine to routine pregnancy tests: a decision tree for calculating the cost of identifying patients with CKD in pregnancy.

Background: Even in its early stages, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The current guidelines for pregnancy management suggest identifying risk factors for adverse outcomes but do not mention kidney diseases. Since CKD is often asymptomatic, pregnancy offers a valuable opportunity for diagnosis.

In vitro inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 using a povidone-iodine oral rinse.

Background: Healthcare professionals, especially dentists and dental hygienists, are at increased risk for contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through air-borne particles and splatter. This study assessed the in vitro virucidal activity of 0.5% (w/v) povidone-iodine (PVP-I) oral rinse against SARS-CoV-2 to demonstrate its utility as a professional oral rinse.

NPY1R exerts inhibitory action on estradiol-stimulated growth and predicts endocrine sensitivity and better survival in ER-positive breast cancer.

G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest superfamily of cell-surface proteins. However, the expression and function of majority of GPCRs remain unexplored in breast cancer (BC). We interrogated the expression and phosphorylation status of 398 non-sensory GPCRs using the landmark BC proteogenomics and phosphoproteomic dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas.

Cohort profile: demographic and clinical characteristics of the MILESTONE longitudinal cohort of young people approaching the upper age limit of their child mental health care service in Europe.

Purpose: The presence of distinct child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) and adult mental health services (AMHS) impacts continuity of mental health treatment for young people. However, we do not know the extent of discontinuity of care in Europe nor the effects of discontinuity on the mental health of young people. Current research is limited, as the majority of existing studies are retrospective, based on small samples or used non-standardised information from medical records.

Predictive scores for the diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism in COVID-19: A systematic review.

Objectives: During the COVID-19 pandemic, several studies described an increased chance of developing pulmonary embolism (PE). Several scores have been used to predict the occurrence of PE. This systematic review summarizes the literature on predicting rules for PE in hospitalized COVID-19 patients (HCPs).

The burden of Clostridioides difficile infection in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: The main aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the proportion of confirmed COVID-19 patients with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and to describe risk factors and outcome of these patients.

Methods: MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched up to July 15, 2021. We included studies reporting data on CDI occurring in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19.

Effect of a Multilayer, Extended-Release Methylphenidate Formulation (PRC-063) on Sleep in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Fixed-Dose, Placebo-Controlled Trial Followed by a 6-Month Open-Label Follow-Up.

We analyzed patient-reported sleep parameters for an extended-release methylphenidate formulation (PRC-063) in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Clinical efficacy and long-term safety/tolerability data from a 4-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose study (NCT02139111) and a subsequent 6-month, optimized-dose, open-label extension (OLE) study (NCT02168127) were used. In the double-blind study, participants were randomly assigned 1:1:1:1:1 to one of four doses of PRC-063 (25, 45, 70, or 85 mg/day) or placebo.

In Vitro Evaluation of the Virucidal Activity of Different Povidone-Iodine Formulations Against Murine and Human Coronaviruses.

Introduction: Polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I) demonstrates broad-spectrum anti-infective activity and is available in different formulations for oral rinse and topical use in medical and personal care settings. The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has underscored the need to supplement available preventive strategies.

Methods: We assessed virucidal activity of PVP-I formulations, including 0.

Importance of Surveillance of New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase : Molecular Characterization and Clonality of Strains Isolated in the Lazio Region, Italy.

Introduction: New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase producing (NDM-Kpn) strains have been causing healthcare-associated infections worldwide. The aim of this study was to describe the molecular mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance and to analyze the clonality of NDM-Kpn isolates collected between January 2019 and June 2020 from patients admitted to hospitals from the Lazio region, Italy.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study.