Sustainable assessment of ultrasound-assisted extraction of anthocyanins with bio-based solvents for upgrading grape pomace Cabernet Sauvignon derived from a winemaking process.

This work assessed the efficiency and sustainability of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of anthocyanins from grape pomace using bio-based solvents: Ethanol, Isopropanol, Propylene-glycol, and Ethylene-glycol at different concentrations (50 and 100 % v/v) and temperatures (25 °C and 50 °C). Higher ultrasonic intensities (UI) were obtained at 50 °C and 50 % v/v by decreasing solvents viscosities. Under these conditions, anthocyanin extractions were performed with different combinations of solvent to liquid ratio (SLR) at 1:10 and 1:50 g/mL, and UI (3.

Role of routine uterine artery Doppler at 18-22 and 24-28 weeks' gestation following routine first-trimester screening for pre-eclampsia.

Objectives: To assess the performance of mean uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA-PI) at 18-22 and 24-28 weeks of gestation in the prediction of pre-eclampsia (PE) and small-for-gestational age (SGA), and its role in reassessing the risk of PE and SGA in pregnancies screened for PE in the first trimester.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational cohort study of 4464 women with singleton pregnancy screened routinely for PE in the first trimester, using the Gaussian algorithm, from March 2019 to May 2021, and who underwent UtA-PI assessment at 18-22 gestational weeks. Women were categorized as low risk or high risk based on the risk index obtained after first-trimester screening for PE.

A Systematic Review of Conceptualizations, Early Indicators, and Educational Provisions for Intellectual Precocity.

Intellectual precocity in children poses unique challenges and opportunities for educational systems. This systematic review aims to comprehensively analyze intellectual precocity in children until 6 years old, including its definition, manifestations, and various educational programs for intellectually precocious learners. Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted.

Clinical effectiveness of routine first-trimester combined screening for pre-eclampsia in Spain with the addition of placental growth factor.

Introduction: Pre-eclampsia affects 2%-8% of pregnancies and is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. First-trimester screening using an algorithm that combines maternal characteristics, mean arterial blood pressure, uterine artery pulsatility index and biomarkers (pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and placental growth factor) is the method that achieves a greater diagnostic accuracy. It has been shown that daily salicylic acid administration before 16 weeks in women at a high risk for pre-eclampsia can reduce the incidence of preterm pre-eclampsia.

Real-time ultrasound demonstration of uterine isthmus contractions during pregnancy.

Background: Asymptomatic isthmic contractions are a frequent physiological phenomenon in pregnancy, sometimes triggered by bladder voiding. They can interfere with proper cervical length assessment and may lead to false images of placenta previa. However, there is limited research on the prevalence and characteristics of these contractions.

[Does a clinical prediction rule anticipate the diagnosis for streptococcal pharyngitis in children aged 2 to 15?].

Background: The etiology of a streptococcal pharyngitis must be documented by laboratory techniques to avoid unnecessary antimicrobial treatment, but this strategy increases cost for the patient. Available scores applied in children or adults are imperfect.

Aim: To develop a clinical prediction rule to aid the diagnostic process of streptococcal pharyngitis (SP) in children in a low-resource setting.

Assessment of Corneal Epithelial Thickness in Asymmetric Keratoconic Eyes and Normal Eyes Using Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose. To compare the characteristics of asymmetric keratoconic eyes and normal eyes by Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) corneal mapping. Methods.

Evaluating the data completeness in the Electronic Health Record after the Implementation of an Outpatient Electronic Health Record.

Electronic health records (EHRs) present an opportunity for quality improvement in health organitations, particularly at the primary health level. However, EHR implementation impacts clinical workflows, and physicians frequently prefer to document in a non-structured way, which ultimately hinders the ability to measure quality indicators. We present an assessment of data completeness-a key data quality indicator-during the first 12 months after the implementation of an EHR at a teaching outpatient center in Santiago, Chile.

Characterization of Help Desk issues After the Implementation of an Emergency Department Electronic Health Record.

Electronic health records (EHRs) can produce significant disruption when first implemented. Successful implementations depend on the availability of technical and clinical support. We present a description of the frequency and types of issues raised during the first 12 months after the implementation of an EHR at a teaching hospital in Santiago, Chile.

Asymmetric Synthesis of Fluorinated Isoindolinones through Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Amination of Enantioenriched Benzylic Carbamates.

The asymmetric synthesis of fluorinated isoindolinones has been achieved by a palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation reaction of the corresponding α-fluoroalkyl o-iodobenzylamines. A base-mediated anti β-hydride elimination process was suggested to explain the partial erosion of the optical purity observed in some cases. This mechanistic rationale enabled the minimization of this partial racemization by fine-tuning the pKa of the base.

Prognostic Significance of Creeping Proteinuria in the First Year After Transplantation.

Background: Proteinuria changes have a prognostic significance in proteinuric nephropathies. Proteinuria has been related to kidney transplant outcomes, but there are no information about the impact of increasing proteinuria during the first year on long-term graft and patient survival.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 591 kidney transplants to analyze the effect on long-term prognosis of: proteinuria at 3 (n = 591) and 12 (n = 583) months (no proteinuria: 150-299 mg/24 hours, 300-999 mg/24 hours, and ≥1 g/24 hours), and changes in proteinuria during the first year in such patients with proteinuria at 3 months (reduction ≥50% of proteinuria from 3 to 12 months, variation <50%, and increase ≥50% or "creeping proteinuria") (n = 283).

Unique reactivity of fluorinated molecules with transition metals.

Organofluorine and organometallic chemistry by themselves constitute two potent areas in organic synthesis. Thus, the combination of both offers many chemical possibilities and represents a powerful tool for the design and development of new synthetic methodologies leading to diverse molecular structures in an efficient manner. Given the importance of the selective introduction of fluorine atoms into organic molecules and the effectiveness of transition metals in C-C and C-heteroatom bond formation, this review represents an interesting read for this aim.

Gold-catalyzed intramolecular hydroamination of o-alkynylbenzyl carbamates: a route to chiral fluorinated isoindoline and isoquinoline derivatives.

Enantiomerically pure fluorinated isoindoline and dihydroisoquinoline scaffolds have been prepared through a diastereoselective addition of fluorinated nucleophiles to Ellman's N-(tert-butanesulfinyl)imines followed by a sequence of Sonogashira cross-coupling/gold(I)-catalyzed cycloisomerization of the corresponding carbamate. A more favored 5-exo-dig mechanism was observed mainly due to an electronic effect of the fluorinated group.

Synthetic and biological applications of fluorous reagents as phase tags.

The search for new and better techniques for the purification of organic compounds has made the recent emergence of fluorous chemistry in the field of organic synthesis possible. Using fluorous reagents as phase tags allows for the access of different synthetic routes, and this has been translated into a time reduction and higher simplicity compared to standard, nonfluorous procedures. The synthesis in fluorous phase of target molecules can be pursued in a parallel or combinatorial manner in order to access chemical libraries with structural and/or stereochemical diversity.

Tandem asymmetric Michael reaction-intramolecular Michael addition. An easy entry to chiral fluorinated 1,4-dihydropyridines.

A novel one-pot tandem asymmetric Hantzsch-type process has been employed to generate fluorinated 1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) as single diastereoisomers. It involves the condensation of (R)-(+)-allyl p-tolyl sulfoxide, fluorinated nitriles, and alkyl propiolates, giving access to a new family of enantiomerically pure fluorine-containing 1,4-DHPs.

Discrimination and victimization: parade for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) pride, in Chile.

This article describes the population participating in the LGBT Pride Parade in Santiago, Chile, from discrimination and victimization standpoints. The sample consisted of 488 subjects older than 18 years (M = 25.1), who were interviewed during the 2007 event.

Asymmetric synthesis of indolines through intramolecular shifting of aromatic sulfinyl groups. Role of the pi,pi-stacking interactions in these unusual S(N)Ar processes.

Cyclization of N-aryl substituted 1-aryl-2[2-p-tolylsulfinyl]phenyl propylamines under LDA, LHMDS, or KHMDS provides a new approach for synthesizing optically pure 2,3-disubstituted indolines. Both the scope and the limitations of this method have been investigated. The pi,pi-stacking interactions are crucial for these unprecedented intramolecular S(N)Ar processes, in which a sulfinyl group located on a slightly deactivated ring is substituted by amide anions under mild conditions.

A new strategy for the synthesis of optically pure beta-fluoroalkyl beta-amino acid derivatives.

The first general approach for the diastereoselective formation of a variety of optically pure anti-beta-fluoroalkyl beta-amino acid derivatives is described. The process relies on the stereocontrolled reaction, mediated by a remote sulfoxide, of fluorinated imines with sulfinylated benzyl carbanions, which are used as synthetic equivalents of chiral ester enolates.

Selective formal transesterification of fluorinated 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl alpha-imino esters mediated by TBAF.

The scope of the transesterification reaction between beta-fluorinated alpha-imino esters and various electrophiles in the presence of TBAF as fluorine source is described. The reaction is highly selective for alkyl iodides, bromides, and mesylates, while alkyl chlorides react at a significantly slower rate and tosylates do not react under the reaction conditions. This methodology represents a simple and useful alternative for the preparation of a wide variety of fluorinated alpha-imino esters.

[Investigation of a foodborne intoxication in a high-density penitentiary center].

Background: On September 25 2005, more than 100 inmates (almost 5% of the 1,800 prison population) experienced sudden onset gastroenteritis. This outbreak was the largest foodborne outbreak described in a prison population in Spain. Our objective was to confirm the outbreak, identify risk factors, implement control measures, and provide recommendations.

Enantioselective organocatalytic intramolecular aza-Michael reaction: a concise synthesis of (+)-sedamine, (+)-allosedamine, and (+)-coniine.

The intramolecular aza-Michael reaction of carbamates bearing remote alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes under organocatalytic conditions took place with good yields and excellent ee's when Jørgensen catalyst IV was used in the process, giving rise to the enantioselective formation of several five- and six-membered heterocycles. The developed methodology was applied to the synthesis of three piperidine alkaloids.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of new bicyclic fluorinated uracils through ring-closing metathesis.

Two families of bicyclic fluorinated uracils have been prepared starting from a gem-difluorinated unsaturated nitrile, by means of a ring-closing metathesis reaction to form the new ring, which is fused at the C-5/C-6 or N-1/C-6 positions of the uracil moiety. The selective formation of olefin regioisomers in the metathesis process can be controlled according to the reaction conditions (catalyst, solvent, and temperature). The acaricidal activities of the resulting compounds have also been investigated.

A versatile synthesis of fluorinated uracils in solution and on solid-phase.

[reaction: see text] An efficient and convenient two-step synthesis of new fluorinated uracils is described. The first step involves the condensation of an ester enolate with a fluorinated nitrile to furnish fluorinated beta-enamino esters. In turn, these compounds react with organic isocyanates or isothiocyanates to give C-6 fluorinated uracils or thiouracils, respectively, in excellent yields.