Resolving viral structural complexity by super-resolution microscopy.

In this review, we discuss different super-resolution microscopy (SRM) techniques employed to study viral structures and virus composition with nanometric resolution. We describe the basic principles of the different microscopy methods utilized to break the light diffraction limit, enabling the study of protein composition in viral structures. Finally, we demonstrate for the first time the differential spatial distribution of two structural proteins in an individual baculovirus using single-molecule super-resolution microscopy.

New paradigms in acute viral bronchiolitis: Is it time to change our approach?

Viral bronchiolitis is the most common pediatric acute respiratory infection leading to hospitalization, and it causes a significant healthcare burden worldwide. Current guidelines recommend supportive management after many clinical trials on specific therapies failed to demonstrate benefits. However, several studies in the past decade have revealed that bronchiolitis may not be a homogeneous disease, but instead may constitute an umbrella comprised of different "endotypes" and "phenotypes" based on patient characteristics, etiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, and clinical presentation.

Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Coronary Artery Disease in the Setting of Atrial Fibrillation.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and coronary artery disease are frequently associated and, when so, lead to a grim prognosis. Recent studies suggest the presence of interconnected pathophysiological pathways between the 2 conditions that can promote and aggravate each other, igniting a vicious cycle. Notwithstanding, in contrast with the attention dedicated to the management of antithrombotic treatment, research on other aspects of coronary artery disease in AF is only recently gaining traction.

Addition of long-acting beta-agonists to inhaled corticosteroids for asthma in preschool children: A systematic review.

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting beta-agonists (LABA) are essential in asthma management, but the guidelines for treatment in preschool children remain heterogeneous worldwide. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy and safety of LABA + ICS therapy in asthmatic children under six years. We searched four databases, identifying six eligible studies (n = 1415 preschoolers), and in all the LABA used was salmeterol.

A cost-utility analysis of single maintenance and reliever (SMART) therapy as compared to step 3 fixed-dose therapy in patients aged 12 years or more with uncontrolled asthma.

Objectives: A significant percentage of patients with asthma appear to benefit from the addition of long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs) to ICS to achieve better control of their disease. The aim of the present study was to determine the cost-utility of single inhaler combination inhaled ICS/LABAs as both maintenance and reliever (SMART) versus remaining at the same treatment step with fixed-dose ICS-LABA maintenance with a short-acting β2-agonist (SABA) as reliever in patients aged 12 years or more with uncontrolled asthma.

Methods: A Markov-type model was developed to estimate the costs and health outcomes of a simulated cohort of patients aged 12 years or more with uncontrolled asthma treated for 12 months.

Single inhaler combination inhaled corticosteroid-formoterol as both maintenance and reliever (SMART) compared with a step up of treatment with fixed-dose inhaled corticosteroid-long-acting β2-agonist maintenance with a short-acting β2-agonist as reliever in adolescents and adults with poorly controlled asthma in Colombia: a cost-utility analysis.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the cost-utility of single inhaler combination inhaled corticosteroid and a long-acting β2-agonist (ICS/LABAs) as both maintenance and reliever (SMART) compared with a step-up maintenance treatment with a fixed medium to high dose of ICS combined with LABA and a short-acting β2-agonist (SABA) as reliever (ICS-LABA maintenance plus SABA) among patients aged 12 years or more with poorly controlled asthma in Colombia.

Methods: A Markov-type model was developed to estimate the costs and health outcomes of a simulated cohort of patients aged 12 years or more with uncontrolled asthma treated for 12 months. The main effectiveness data were obtained from a recent meta-analysis.

Poly(lactic acid) Degradation by Recombinant Cutinases from .

Poly(lactic-acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer widely used as a packaging material. Its monomer, lactic acid, and its derivatives have been used in the food, cosmetic, and chemical industries. The accumulation of PLA residues leads to the development of green degrading methodologies, such as enzymatic degradation.

A critical analysis of the effect of OM-85 for the prevention of recurrent respiratory tract infections or wheezing/asthma from systematic reviews with meta-analysis.

Acute respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are one of the most common causes of pediatric consultations/hospitalizations and a major trigger for asthma exacerbations. Some consensus statements have recommended the use of immunostimulants to boost natural defenses against severe or repeated infections. One of the most common immunostimulants is OM-85; while several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have evaluated its efficacy in preventing acute RTIs and wheezing/asthma exacerbations, results have been conflicting.

Ventricular Angiography: A Forgotten Diagnostic Tool?

A 76-year-old male patient presented to the emergency room with acute decompensated right heart failure and presyncope episodes. Upon admission, his electrocardiogram (ECG) showed sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia at 180 bpm, which was electrically cardioverted, and the patient was subsequently admitted to the intensive care unit. The echocardiography showed a very dilated right ventricle (RV) with global systolic dysfunction and akinetic anterior and lateral walls.

Case Report: Challenges in the etiology of left ventricular aneurysm.

Left ventricular aneurysms are outpouchings delineated by a thin myocardial wall, more frequently encountered at the apex of the left ventricle, which is seldom dyskinetic or akinetic. Apart from coronary artery disease, the etiology can be challenging. We report the case of a 30-year-old man with an isolated apical left ventricular aneurysm associated with prominent trabeculations on echocardiography.

Radiofrequency atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation ablation in a patient with deep brain stimulation.

Radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter is feasible in patients with deep brain stimulation but with extreme caution given the possibility of life-threatening complications.

Recommendations for asthma monitoring in children: A PeARL document endorsed by APAPARI, EAACI, INTERASMA, REG, and WAO.

Monitoring is a major component of asthma management in children. Regular monitoring allows for diagnosis confirmation, treatment optimization, and natural history review. Numerous factors that may affect disease activity and patient well-being need to be monitored: response and adherence to treatment, disease control, disease progression, comorbidities, quality of life, medication side-effects, allergen and irritant exposures, diet and more.

Reactance inversion in moderate to severe persistent asthma: low birth weight, prematurity effect, and bronchodilator response.

Introduction: Reactance inversion (RI) has been associated with impaired peripheral airway function in persistent asthma. However, there is little to no data about the difference between asthmatic children with and without RI. This study aimed to detect clinical and lung function differences in moderate-severe asthmatic children with and without RI.

ANCUT1, a novel thermoalkaline cutinase from Aspergillus nidulans and its application on hydroxycinnamic acids lipophilization.

One of the four cutinases encoded in the Aspergillus nidulans genome, ANCUT1, is described here. Culture conditions were evaluated, and it was found that this enzyme is produced only when cutin is present in the culture medium, unlike the previously described ANCUT2, with which it shares 62% amino acid identity. The differences between them include the fact that ANCUT1 is a smaller enzyme, with experimental molecular weight and pI values of 22 kDa and 6, respectively.

Intravenous magnesium sulfate for asthma exacerbations in children: Systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: Asthma is the most prevalent chronic disease in children and constitutes a significant healthcare burden. First-line therapy for acute asthma exacerbations is well established. However, secondary treatments, including intravenous magnesium sulfate (IV-MgSO4), remain variable due to scarcity of data on its efficacy and safety.

On-Demand ICS + FABA Combinations in 6-11-Year-Old Children.

In recent years, some new concepts have been added to asthma treatment such as "anti-inflammatory reliever" (β2-agonist use associated to an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) as a reliever treatment) that combines the benefits of both therapies and provides short- and long-term benefits for treatment in asthma patients. Robust evidence has been presented in patients over 12 years, and the main changes in the international guidelines for asthma treatment were originally made in this age group. However, a few suggestions have been added to treatments in younger patients, in part because of the scarce evidence that exists in this group.

EMDR therapy vs. supportive therapy as adjunctive treatment in trauma-exposed bipolar patients: A randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) are frequently exposed to traumatic events which worsen disease course, but this study is the first multicentre randomised controlled trial to test the efficacy of a trauma-focused adjunctive psychotherapy in reducing BD affective relapse rates.

Materials And Methods: This multicentre randomised controlled trial included 77 patients with BD and current trauma-related symptoms. Participants were randomised to either 20 sessions of trauma-focused Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy for BD, or 20 sessions of supportive therapy (ST).

Use of sacubitril/valsartan in patients with heart failure: evidence from the real world.

Background: To characterize the use of sacubitril/valsartan in a group of patients with heart failure in Colombia.

Research Design And Methods: Follow-up study of patients with heart failure who started sacubitril/valsartan and were affiliated with the Colombian health system between 2019 and 2021. Sociodemographic, clinical, and pharmacological variables and adherence and persistence of use were identified.

Higher levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 in cord blood associate with risk of asthma at age 3.

Rationale: Experimental studies and epidemiological data in adults suggest that somatomedin-C (insulin-like growth factor-1, IGF-1) may play a role in asthma by modulating airway inflammation, bronchial hyperreactivity, and airway smooth muscle hyperplasia. However, its role in children with asthma is not well understood.

Methods: We established a birth cohort with 339 Chilean pregnant mothers enrolled at the time of delivery from December 2014 to January 2016.

Asthma Phenotypes in the Era of Personalized Medicine.

Asthma is a widespread disease affecting approximately 300-million people globally. This condition leads to significant morbidity, mortality, and economic strain worldwide. Recent clinical and laboratory research advancements have illuminated the immunological factors contributing to asthma.

Association of respiratory virus types with clinical features in bronchiolitis: Implications for virus testing strategies. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Bronchiolitis is a leading cause of infant hospitalization, linked to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinovirus (RV). Guidelines lack specific viral testing for bronchiolitis management. To establish effective management strategies, it is crucial to assess whether specific respiratory virus types are correlated with distinct examination features.

Maternal obesity and high leptin levels prime pro-inflammatory pathways in human cord blood leukocytes.

Introduction: Maternal obesity alters the immune function in the offspring. We hypothesize that maternal obesity and pro-inflammatory pathways induce leptin-related genes in neonatal monocytes, whereby high leptin levels enhance their inflammatory response.

Methods: Transcriptional profiles of cord blood leukocytes (CBL) in basal and pro-inflammatory conditions were studied to determine differentially expressed genes (DEG).