Isolation and characterisation of a heparosan capsular polysaccharide and a core oligosaccharide from Moraxella lincolnii strain CCUG 52988.

Moraxella lincolnii is a Gram-negative bacterium that resides in the upper respiratory tract (URT) of humans and may have a role as a member of a protective microbial community. Structural characterisation studies of its outer membrane glycan structures are very limited. We report here the isolation and structural characterisation (NMR, GLC-MS) of a capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and an oligosaccharide (OS) (lipooligosaccharide (LOS)-derived) isolated from strain CCUG 52988.

Carbohydrate-mediated interactions between chloroviruses and the immune system.

Understanding the molecular mechanisms which drive and modulate host-pathogen interactions are essential when designing effective therapeutic and diagnostic approaches aimed at controlling infectious diseases. Certain large and giant viruses have recently been discovered as components of the human virome, yet little is known about their interactions with the host immune system. We have dissected the role of viral N-linked glycans during the interaction between the glycoproteins from six chloroviruses (belonging to three chlorovirus classes: NC64A, SAG, and Osy viruses) and the representative carbohydrate-binding receptors of the innate immune system.

Morning Salivary Cortisol Has a Positive Correlation with GAD-7 Scores in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, comprising ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Earlier onset of IBD symptoms has been linked to a higher prevalence of depression and anxiety. Evidence supports that cortisol abnormalities correlate with the development and severity of autoimmune diseases.

Unveiling the GT114 family: Structural characterization of A075L, a glycosyltransferase from Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus-1 (PBCV-1).

Protein A075L is a β-xylosyltransferase that participates in producing the core of the N-glycans found in VP54, the major viral capsid protein of Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus-1 (PBCV-1). In this study, we present an X-ray crystallographic analysis of the apo form of A075L, along with its complexes with the sugar donor and with a trisaccharide acceptor. The protein structure shows a typical GT-B folding, with two Rossmann-like fold domains, in which the acceptor substrate binds to the N-terminal region, and the nucleotide-sugar donor binds to the C-terminal region.

The human gut symbiont Ruminococcus gnavus displays strain-specific exopolysaccharides modulating the host immune response.

Ruminococcus gnavus is a prevalent member of the human gut microbiota and over-represented in inflammatory bowel diseases. R. gnavus ATCC 29149 was previously shown to produce a pro-inflammatory exopolysaccharide (EPS) referred to here as glucorhamnan-I or EPS.

Oxidative stability of chelated Sn(II) at neutral pH: The critical role of NO ions.

Tin(II) compounds are versatile materials with applications across fields such as catalysis, diagnostic imaging, and therapeutic drugs. However, oxidative stabilization of Sn(II) has remained an unresolved challenge as its reactivity with water and dioxygen results in loss of functionality, limiting technological advancement. Approaches to slow Sn(II) oxidation with chelating ligands or sacrificial electron donors have yielded only moderate improvements.

Trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with HER2-positive advanced colorectal cancer (DESTINY-CRC02): primary results from a multicentre, randomised, phase 2 trial.

Background: Trastuzumab deruxtecan has shown encouraging activity in patients with treatment-refractory HER2-positive, RAS wild-type and BRAF wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer. Dose optimisation and further antitumour assessments in patients with RAS mutations and those with previous anti-HER2 therapy are warranted. We aimed to evaluate two doses of trastuzumab deruxtecan (5·4 mg/kg and 6·4 mg/kg) to establish the recommended dose in patients with pretreated HER2-positive, RAS wild-type or mutant metastatic colorectal cancer.

Impact of glycosylation on viral vaccines.

Glycosylation is the most prominent modification important for vaccines and its specific pattern depends on several factors that need to be considered when developing a new biopharmaceutical. Tailor-made glycosylation can be exploited to develop more effective and safer vaccines; for this reason, a deep understanding of both glycoengineering strategies and glycans structures and functions is required. In this review we discuss the recent advances concerning glycoprotein expression systems and the explanation of glycans immunomodulation mechanisms.

Functional redundancy revealed by the deletion of the mimivirus GMC-oxidoreductase genes.

The mimivirus 1.2 Mb genome was shown to be organized into a nucleocapsid-like genomic fiber encased in the nucleoid compartment inside the icosahedral capsid. The genomic fiber protein shell is composed of a mixture of two GMC-oxidoreductase paralogs, one of them being the main component of the glycosylated layer of fibrils at the surface of the virion.

Characterisation of a capsular polysaccharide from Moraxella nonliquefaciens CCUG 348T.

Moraxella nonliquefaciens is a commensal of the human upper respiratory tract (URT) but on rare occasions is recovered in cases of ocular, septic and pulmonary infections. Hence there is interest in the pathogenic determinants of M. nonliquefaciens, of which outer membrane (OM) structures such as fimbriae and two capsular polysaccharide (CPS) structures, →3)-β-D-GalpNAc-(1→5)-β-Kdop-(2→ and →8)-α-NeuAc-(2→, have been reported in the literature.

Wall teichoic acid substitution with glucose governs phage susceptibility of .

The species- and clone-specific susceptibility of cells for bacteriophages is governed by the structures and glycosylation patterns of wall teichoic acid (WTA) glycopolymers. The glycosylation-dependent phage-WTA interactions in the opportunistic pathogen and in other coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have remained unknown. We report a new WTA glycosyltransferase TagE whose deletion confers resistance to siphoviruses such as ΦE72 but enables binding of otherwise unbound podoviruses.

Identification of a capsular polysaccharide from Enterococcus faecium U0317 using a targeted approach to discover immunogenic carbohydrates for vaccine development.

Enterococcus faecium, a gram-positive opportunistic pathogen, has become a major concern for nosocomial infections due to its resistance to several antibiotics, including vancomycin. Finding novel alternatives for treatment prevention, such as vaccines, is therefore crucial. In this study, we used various techniques to discover a novel capsular polysaccharide.

Moraxella ovis and Moraxella bovoculi lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis genes, and structural characterisation of oligosaccharide from M. ovis 354T.

Moraxella ovis is a Gram-negative bacterium isolated from sheep conjunctivitis cases and is a rare isolate of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK). This species is closely related to M. bovoculi, another species which can also be isolated from IBK, or cattle upper respiratory tract (URT).

Use of Picosecond Laser for Melasma Treatment: A Narrative Review.

Melasma results from the imbalance of the mechanisms that regulate skin pigmentation, causing the appearance of hyperpigmented patches. Treatment includes topical and oral agents, chemical peelings, microneedling, and laser therapy. The picosecond laser was developed to minimize pain and skin discoloration, which can sometimes be associated with laser treatments.

Mucoadhesive capsules based on bacterial nanocellulose and chitosan as delivery system of turmeric extract.

Current efforts in stomach-related drug design focus on improving drug bioavailability within the gastric region. Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) has been established as a suitable material for drug delivery systems; however, it lacks adhesion to the gastric environment. This limitation can be addressed by leveraging the mucoadhesive properties of low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC).

N-glycosylation in Archaea: Unusual sugars and unique modifications.

Archaea are microorganisms that comprise a distinct branch of the universal tree of life and which are best known as extremophiles, residing in a variety of environments characterized by harsh physical conditions. One seemingly universal trait of Archaea is the ability to perform N-glycosylation. At the same time, archaeal N-linked glycans present variety in terms of both composition and architecture not seen in the parallel eukaryal or bacterial processes.

The Evolution and Future Trends of Unsaturated Polyester Biocomposites: A Bibliometric Analysis.

Unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) is one of the first commercialized polymer matrices for composites reinforced with glass fibers, but has remained popular to this day. To reduce their environmental impact, natural fibers have been used as reinforcements. Researchers all over the world are still interested in these composites, and numerous papers have been published in the last four decades.

Bacterial Nanocellulose from in Fique Juice for Activated Carbons Production and Its Application for Supercapacitor Electrodes.

This paper presents the results obtained from the chemical activation of bacterial nanocellulose (BCN) using fique juice as a culture medium. BNC activation (BNCA) was carried out with HPO and KOH at activation temperatures between 500 °C to 800 °C. The materials obtained were characterized morphologically, physicochemically, superficially, and electrochemically, using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the physisorption of gases N and CO at 77 K and 273 K, respectively, cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).