New Imaging Techniques on the Horizon to Study Overactive and Neurogenic Bladder.

Purpose Of Review: This review will focus on the current usage and the potential future applications of new imaging techniques on the horizon to study overactive and neurogenic bladder.

Recent Findings: Bladder Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used to non-invasively identify bladder outlet obstruction, detrusor overactivity, and other forms of voiding dysfunction, but motion artifact has been a limiting factor preventing widespread adaptation. However, newer NIRS units employ accelerometers which enable isolation and splicing of motion and on-going studies show renewed promise for bladder NIRS.

Counterweight mass influences single-leg cycling biomechanics.

Introduction: Single-leg cycling is a commonly used intervention in exercise physiology that has applications in exercise training and rehabilitation. The addition of a counterweight to the contralateral pedal helps single-leg cycling mimic cycling patterns of double-leg cycling. To date, no research has tested (a) the influence of a wide range of counterweight masses on a person's cycling biomechanics and (b) the optimal counterweight mass to emulate double-leg cycling.

Muscle Torque-Velocity Relationships and Fatigue With Reduced Knee Joint Range of Motion in Young and Older Adults.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of knee joint range of motion (RoM) on the torque-velocity relationship and fatigue in the knee extensor muscles of 7 young (median = 26 y) and 7 older (68 y) adults. Each leg was assigned a RoM (35° or 75°) over which to perform a torque-velocity protocol (maximal isokinetic contractions, 60-300°·s-1) and a fatigue protocol (120 maximal contractions at 120°·s-1, 0.5 Hz).

Asymmetric changes in foot anthropometry with pregnancy may be related to onset of lower limb and low back pain.

Introduction: Fifty percent of pregnant females experience pain with 20% reporting long-term pain post-partum. Pregnant females undergo changes in foot anthropometry, lower extremity alignment, and joint laxity. It is unknown if asymmetric alterations may be related to development of pain.

Ambulatory knee biomechanics and muscle activity 2 years after ACL surgery: InternalBrace-augmented ACL repair versus ACL reconstruction versus healthy controls.

Background: Little is known about knee mechanics and muscle control after augmented ACL repair. Our aim was to compare knee biomechanics and leg muscle activity during walking between the legs of patients 2 years after InternalBrace-augmented anterior cruciate ligament repair (ACL-IB) and between patients after ACL-IB and ACL reconstruction (ACL-R), and controls.

Methods: Twenty-nine ACL-IB, 27 sex- and age-matched ACL-R (hamstring tendon autograft) and 29 matched controls completed an instrumented gait analysis.

Pleural Effusion in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Clinical and Prognostic Implications-An Observational, Retrospective Study.

Background: COVID-19 presents with a wide spectrum of clinical and radiological manifestations, including pleural effusion. The prevalence and prognostic impact of pleural effusion are still not entirely clear.

Patients And Methods: This is a retrospective, single-center study including a population of consecutive patients admitted to the University Hospital of Cisanello (Pisa) from March 2020 to January 2021 with a positive SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swab and SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia.

Nurses' perceptions and use of near infrared spectroscopy in paediatric cardiac intensive care.

Background: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive technology that estimates regional oxygen saturation. Literature demonstrates that NIRS can provide valuable data for clinical staff. However, little research has addressed the nursing care and management of NIRS in the critical care environment.

Prolonged higher dose methylprednisolone conventional dexamethasone in COVID-19 pneumonia: a randomised controlled trial (MEDEAS).

Background: Dysregulated systemic inflammation is the primary driver of mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Current guidelines favour a 7-10-day course of any glucocorticoid equivalent to dexamethasone 6 mg daily. A comparative randomised controlled trial (RCT) with a higher dose and a longer duration of intervention was lacking.

National survey of health services provided by pediatric post-acute care facilities in the US.

Purpose: The need for pediatric post-acute facility care (PAC) is growing due to technological advances that extend the lives of many children, especially those with complex medical needs. The objectives were to describe [1] the types and settings of PAC; [2] the clinical characteristics of the pediatric patients requiring PAC; and [3] perceptions of PAC care delivery by clinical staff.

Methods: An online survey was administered between 6/2018 to 12/2018 to administrative leaders in PAC facilities that have licensed beds for children and who were active members of the Pediatric Complex Care Association.

Risk factors for hospital readmission among infants with prolonged neonatal intensive care stays.

Objective: To assess risk factors associated with 30-day hospital readmission after a prolonged neonatal intensive care stay.

Study Design: Retrospective analysis of 57,035 infants discharged >14 days from the NICU between 2013 and 2016. Primary outcome was 30-day, all-cause hospital readmission.

Hospitals' Diversity of Diagnosis Groups and Associated Costs of Care.

Background And Objectives: Hospitals treating patients with greater diagnosis diversity may have higher fixed and overhead costs. We assessed the relationship between hospitals' diagnosis diversity and cost per hospitalization for children.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 1 654 869 all-condition hospitalizations for children ages 0 to 21 years from 2816 hospitals in the Kids' Inpatient Database 2016.

Parent Perspectives on Short-Term Recovery After Spinal Fusion Surgery in Children With Neuromuscular Scoliosis.

Family perspectives on short-term recovery after spinal fusion for neuromuscular scoliosis are essential for improving patient outcomes. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 18 families of children within 3 months after spinal fusion performed August 2017 to January 2019 at a children's hospital. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded line-by-line by 2 independent reviewers using grounded theory to identify themes.

Linking Parent Confidence and Hospitalization through Mobile Health: A Multisite Pilot Study.

Objective: To evaluate the associations between parent confidence in avoiding hospitalization and subsequent hospitalization in children with medical complexity (CMC); and feasibility/acceptability of a texting platform, Assessing Confidence at Times of Increased Vulnerability (ACTIV), to collect repeated measures of parent confidence.

Study Design: This prospective cohort study purposively sampled parent-child dyads (n = 75) in 1 of 3 complex care programs for demographic diversity to pilot test ACTIV for 3 months. At random days/times every 2 weeks, parents received text messages asking them to rate confidence in their child avoiding hospitalization in the next month, from 1 (not confident) to 10 (fully confident).

Hospital resource use after hip reconstruction surgery in children with neurological complex chronic conditions.

Aim: To assess how co-occurring conditions influence recovery after hip reconstruction surgery in children with neurological complex chronic conditions (CCCs).

Method: This was a retrospective analysis of 4058 children age 4 years or older with neurological CCCs who underwent hip reconstructive surgery between 1st January 2015 and 31st December 2018 in 49 children's hospitals. The presence of co-occurring chronic conditions was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research Chronic Condition Indicator system.

Variation in Hospitalization Rates Following Emergency Department Visits in Children with Medical Complexity.

Objectives: To evaluate factors associated with admission from emergency department (ED) encounters for children with medical complexity (CMC) and to quantify the hospital admission rate as well as variation in adjusted hospital admission rates across EDs.

Study Design: Retrospective study of 271 806 visits to 37 EDs in freestanding children's hospitals from January 1, 2014, to June 30, 2017, for patients of all ages with a complex chronic condition. Associations between patient demographic, clinical, and health services characteristics and the likelihood of hospital admission were identified using generalized linear models, which were then used to calculate adjusted hospital admission rates.