Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol
January 2025
Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of aortic stenosis (AS) and worsens its pathophysiology in a sex-specific manner. Aldosterone/mineralocorticoid receptor (Aldo/MR) pathway participates in early stages of AS and in other diabetic-related cardiovascular complications. We aim to identify new sex-specific Aldo/MR targets in AS complicated with DM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLocal protein synthesis (LPS) in axons is now recognized as a physiological process, participating both in the maintenance of axonal function and diverse plastic phenomena. In the last decades of the 20th century, the existence and function of axonal LPS were topics of significant debate. Very early, axonal LPS was thought not to occur at all and was later accepted to play roles only during development or in response to specific conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRationale And Objectives: Active surveillance (AS) is the preferred management strategy for low-risk prostate cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Habitat Risk Score (HRS), an automated approach for mpMRI analysis, for early detection of progressors in a prospective AS clinical trial (MAST NCT02242773).
Materials And Methods: The MAST protocol includes Confirmatory mpMRI ultrasound fusion (MRI-US) biopsy and yearly surveillance MRI-US biopsies for up to 3 years.
Given the rapidly expanding capabilities of generative AI models for radiology, there is a need for robust metrics that can accurately measure the quality of AI-generated radiology reports across diverse hospitals. We develop ReXamine-Global, a LLM-powered, multi-site framework that tests metrics across different writing styles and patient populations, exposing gaps in their generalization. First, our method tests whether a metric is undesirably sensitive to reporting style, providing different scores depending on whether AI-generated reports are stylistically similar to ground-truth reports or not.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Objective: Prostate cancer (PC) heterogeneity can result in sampling discrepancies during biopsy, leading to inaccurate molecular classifications that affect treatment decisions. We evaluated transcriptomic profile variability between multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)-targeted biopsy (TBx) and systematic biopsy (SBx) methods using the Decipher GRID platform.
Methods: The study included 205 men from the MAST trial.
Objective: The objective of this retrospective study is to identify factors associated with loss to follow-up for postconcussion clearance in pediatric patients by comparing loss to follow-up and full clearance patients.
Study Design: This retrospective single-center cohort study analyzed 140 consecutive patients at a pediatric concussion clinic of a safety-net hospital for loss to follow-up, defined as not achieving clearance at last appointment. Univariate and multivariate regression models were fit on variables of interest, including demographic, mechanism and severity of concussion, and characteristics of the first evaluation postconcussion and follow-up management.
This manuscript describes the synthesis of Os complexes supported by the diarylamido/bis(phosphine) PNP pincer ligand. Compound (PNP)OsH(CO) () was prepared by analogy with the previously reported . However, attempts to make (PNP)OsH () analogously to resulted in the formation of an unexpected compound () that is a product of addition of a BH unit across the Os-N bond in .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: With an increasing demand for critical care expertise and limitations in intensivist availability, innovative staffing models, such as the utilization of advanced practice providers (APPs), have emerged.
Objectives: The purpose of the study was to compare patient outcomes between APP and housestaff teams in the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU).
Methods: This retrospective study, spanning March 2022 to July 2023, compares patient characteristics and outcomes between two CICU teams embedded in the same CICU at a large urban academic hospital: one staffed by housestaff and the other by APPs (80% physician assistants, 20% nurse practitioners) who each had approximately 1 to 2 years of experience in the CICU.
Purpose: The aim of this study is to develop a framework for quantitative analysis of longitudinal T2-weighted MRIs (T2w) following radiotherapy (RT) for prostate cancer.
Materials And Methods: The developed methodology includes: deformable image registration of longitudinal series to pre-RT T2w for automated detection of prostate, peripheral zone (PZ), and gross tumor volume (GTV); and T2w signal-intensity harmonization based on three reference tissues. The gistration and onization () framework was applied on T2w acquired in a clinical trial consisting of two pre-RT and three post-RT MRI exams.
Background: Hypereosinophilic syndromes (HES) are defined as hypereosinophilia with eosinophil-related clinical manifestations, some of which overlap in presentation with asthma, atopic dermatitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, and/or chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Dupilumab is approved to treat these conditions but can induce a transient rise in the absolute eosinophil count and rare eosinophil-related complications.
Objective: To determine whether eosinophil-related complications of dupilumab are increased in HES.
Cretan dittany ( L.) is an aromatic and medicinal plant, local endemic of the island of Crete, Greece, occurring naturally to high rocky mountain habitats. Due to its commercial interest, cultivation of this plant has been recently expanded.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: It has been suggested that choroid plexus calcifications (CPC) may be associated with glymphatic system dysfunction and with disturbed slow-wave (N3) sleep. If this is the case, volumetric analysis of CPC could be used to estimate the functional ability of the glymphatic system. However, data on this association is limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWith the rapid development and popularization of additive manufacturing, different technologies, including, but not limited to, extrusion-, droplet-, and vat-photopolymerization-based fabrication techniques, have emerged that have allowed tremendous progress in three-dimensional (3D) printing in the past decades. Bioprinting, typically using living cells and/or biomaterials conformed by different printing modalities, has produced functional tissues. As a subclass of vat-photopolymerization bioprinting, digital light processing (DLP) uses digitally controlled photomasks to selectively solidify liquid photocurable bioinks to construct complex physical objects in a layer-by-layer manner.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To determine whether routinary walking activity and the derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio are associated with outcomes in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck.
Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 64 patients diagnosed with recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck and treated with immunotherapy (Programmed Death-1 and Programmed Death-ligand-1 proteins inhibitors) at two tertiary centers. We compared a group that performed uninterrupted physical activity for 1 h per day and controls who performed no activity.
Patients who receive allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) are at risk for developing persistent thrombocytopenia. Here, we describe treatment with avatrombopag, a thrombopoietin receptor agonist, in a pediatric patient with chronic, severe, transfusion-dependent thrombocytopenia (<10 × 10/µL) post-alloHSCT that was persistent despite treatment with romiplostim, another thrombopoietin receptor agonist. Following the granting of a compassionate use investigational new drug authorization, avatrombopag treatment was initiated, and the patient's platelet count increased.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: We describe the development and implementation of a system for monitoring patient-reported adverse events and quality of life using electronic Patient Reported Outcome (ePRO) instruments in the I-SPY2 Trial, a phase II clinical trial for locally advanced breast cancer. We describe the administration of technological, workflow, and behavior change interventions and their associated impact on questionnaire completion.
Materials And Methods: Using the OpenClinica electronic data capture system, we developed rules-based logic to build automated ePRO surveys, customized to the I-SPY2 treatment schedule.
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) is a widely cultivated legume crop that plays a vital role in global agriculture and food security. It is a major source of vegetable oil and protein for human consumption, as well as a cash crop for farmers in many regions. Despite the importance of this crop to household food security and income, diseases, particularly Leaf spot (early and late), Alternaria leaf spot, Rust, and Rosette, have had a significant impact on its production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Aedes aegypti (L.) is the main vector of dengue, yellow fever, Zika, and chikungunya viruses in many parts of the world, impacting millions of people worldwide each year. Insecticide-based interventions have been effective in controlling Aedes mosquito populations for several years, but in recent times, resistance to these compounds has developed, posing a global threat to the control of this mosquito.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe ketogenic diet, characterized by high fat and low carbohydrates, has gained popularity not only as a strategy for managing body weight but also for its efficacy in delaying cognitive decline associated with neurodegenerative diseases and the aging process. Since this dietary approach stimulates the liver's production of ketone bodies, primarily β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), which serves as an alternative energy source for neurons, we investigated whether BHB could mitigate impaired AMPA receptor trafficking, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive decline induced by metabolic challenges such as saturated fatty acids. Here, we observe that, in cultured primary cortical neurons, exposure to palmitic acid (200μM) decreased surface levels of glutamate GluA1-containing AMPA receptors, whereas unsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid and ω-3 docosahexaenoic acid (200μM), and BHB (5mM) increased them.
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