Ultra-Wide Band Radar Empowered Driver Drowsiness Detection with Convolutional Spatial Feature Engineering and Artificial Intelligence.

Driving while drowsy poses significant risks, including reduced cognitive function and the potential for accidents, which can lead to severe consequences such as trauma, economic losses, injuries, or death. The use of artificial intelligence can enable effective detection of driver drowsiness, helping to prevent accidents and enhance driver performance. This research aims to address the crucial need for real-time and accurate drowsiness detection to mitigate the impact of fatigue-related accidents.

Variation and plasticity in life-history traits and fitness of wild Arabidopsis thaliana populations are not related to their genotypic and ecological diversity.

Background: Despite its implications for population dynamics and evolution, the relationship between genetic and phenotypic variation in wild populations remains unclear. Here, we estimated variation and plasticity in life-history traits and fitness of the annual plant Arabidopsis thaliana in two common garden experiments that differed in environmental conditions. We used up to 306 maternal inbred lines from six Iberian populations characterized by low and high genotypic (based on whole-genome sequences) and ecological (vegetation type) diversity.

Performance evaluation of the FastIC readout ASIC with emphasis on Cherenkov emission in TOF-PET.

The efficient usage of prompt photons like Cherenkov emission is of great interest for the design of the next generation, cost-effective, and ultra-high-sensitivity time-of-flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET) scanners. With custom, high power consuming, readout electronics and fast digitization the prospect of sub-300 ps FWHM with PET-sized BGO crystals have been shown. However, these results are not scalable to a full system consisting of thousands of detector elements.

Prevalence and impact of long COVID-19 among patients with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in Bangladesh.

Introduction: Co-prevalence of long-COVID-19, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes is one of the major health challenges of the pandemic worldwide. Studies on long-COVID-19 and associated health outcomes are absent in Bangladesh. The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and impact of long-COVID-19 on preexisting diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) on health outcomes among patients in Bangladesh.

Distributed Denial of Service Attack Detection in Network Traffic Using Deep Learning Algorithm.

Internet security is a major concern these days due to the increasing demand for information technology (IT)-based platforms and cloud computing. With its expansion, the Internet has been facing various types of attacks. Viruses, denial of service (DoS) attacks, distributed DoS (DDoS) attacks, code injection attacks, and spoofing are the most common types of attacks in the modern era.

Multidrug resistance pattern and molecular epidemiology of pathogens among children with diarrhea in Bangladesh, 2019-2021.

Antimicrobial and multidrug resistance (MDR) pathogens are becoming one of the major health threats among children. Integrated studies on the molecular epidemiology and prevalence of AMR and MDR diarrheal pathogens are lacking. A total of 404 fecal specimens were collected from children with diarrhea in Bangladesh from January 2019 to December 2021.

FMDNet: An Efficient System for Face Mask Detection Based on Lightweight Model during COVID-19 Pandemic in Public Areas.

A new artificial intelligence-based approach is proposed by developing a deep learning (DL) model for identifying the people who violate the face mask protocol in public places. To achieve this goal, a private dataset was created, including different face images with and without masks. The proposed model was trained to detect face masks from real-time surveillance videos.

Light-Powered Reversible Guest Release and Uptake from ZnL Capsules.

A strategy for light-powered guest release from a tetrahedral capsule has been developed by incorporating azobenzene units at its vertices. A new ZnL tetrahedral capsule bearing 12 diazo moieties at its metal-ion vertices was prepared from a phenyldiazenyl-functionalized subcomponent and a central trialdehyde panel. Ultraviolet irradiation caused isomerization of the peripheral diazo groups from the thermodynamically preferred configuration to the form, thereby generating steric clash and resulting in cage disassembly and concomitant guest release.

Informing the Physical Therapy Management of Congenital Muscular Torticollis Clinical Practice Guideline: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: To systematically review current evidence on the physical therapy assessment, intervention, and prognosis of congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) to inform the update to the 2018 CMT Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG).

Methods: Six databases were searched for studies that informed assessment, intervention, and prognosis for physical therapy management of infants with CMT.

Results: Fifteen studies were included.

Canine mitral valve size as measured by computed tomography.

Objective: To measure the mitral annulus in dogs. Our hypothesis was that mitral measurement would be possible and consistent among observers using CT.

Sample: Thoracic CT scans of dogs without known heart disease.

The Acute and Chronic Effects of Implementing Velocity Loss Thresholds During Resistance Training: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Critical Evaluation of the Literature.

Background: Velocity loss (VL) experienced in a set during resistance training is often monitored to control training volume and quantify acute fatigue responses. Accordingly, various VL thresholds are used to prescribe resistance training and target different training adaptations. However, there are inconsistencies in the current body of evidence regarding the magnitude of the acute and chronic responses to the amount of VL experienced during resistance training.

Age and sex impact on visuospatial working memory (VSWM), mental rotation, and cognitive strategies during navigation.

This study assessed the impact of sex and typical aging on visuospatial working memory (VSWM), mental rotations, and navigational strategies using behavioral information. Fifty healthy participants regrouped in older (OA) and young adults (YA) performed the Walking Corsi test (WalCT) and the Redrawn Mental Rotation Test (MRT) to explore mental rotation abilities. We recorded kinematic data such as locomotion trajectories, and spatial orientations during navigation.

Long-Term Assessment of Bone Regeneration in Nonunion Fractures Treated with Compression-Resistant Matrix and Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Dogs.

Objective:  The aim of this study was to assess bone density, bone architecture and clinical function of canine nonunion distal appendicular long bone fractures with a defect treated with fixation, compression-resistant matrix and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2).

Study Design:  Prospective cohort study with dogs at least 1-year post treatment. Computed tomography was performed and quantitative measurements from previous fracture sites were compared with measurements from contralateral limbs.

Goal-oriented locomotion in children with spastic diplegia: Anticipatory orienting strategies and trajectory formation.

Goal-oriented locomotion (GOL) is a complex task integrating navigation and gait control. To our knowledge, this is the first study of GOL in subjects with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Thirteen subjects with spastic diplegia and 26 with typical development were enrolled in the study.

Introduction to the Special Issue: The ecology and genetics of population differentiation in plants.

Population differentiation is a pervasive process in nature. At present, evolutionary studies on plant population differentiation address key questions by undertaking joint ecological and genetic approaches and employing a combination of molecular and experimental means. In this special issue, we gathered a collection of papers dealing with various ecological and genetic aspects of population differentiation in plants.

Thyroid Disfunction in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients. Relationship with In-Hospital Mortality.

The incidence of thyroid disfunction has not been analyzed in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Our objective was to analyze the relationship of the thyroid profile and in-hospital mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients. This was a prospective single-center study involving critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU of a tertiary University Hospital.

A New Paradigm for the Study of Cognitive Flexibility in Children and Adolescents: The "Virtual House Locomotor Maze" (VHLM).

Classical neuropsychological assessments are designed to explore cognitive brain functions using paper-and-pencil or digital tests. The purpose of this study was to design and to test a new protocol named the "Virtual House Locomotor Maze" (VHLM) for studying inhibitory control as well as mental flexibility using a visuo-spatial locomotor memory test. The VHLM is a simple maze including six houses using the technology of the Virtual Carpet Paradigm.

The Virtual City Paradigm for Testing Visuo-Spatial Memory, Executive Functions and Cognitive Strategies in Children With ADHD: A Feasibility Study.

Navigation is a complex process, requiring target localization, route planning or retrieval, and physical displacement. Executive functions (EFs) such as working memory, inhibition and planning are fundamental for succeeding in this complex activity and are often impaired in Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Our aim was to analyze the feasibility of a new ecological navigation task, the Virtual City paradigm™ (VC™) to test visuo-spatial memory and EFs in children with ADHD.

Age-related decline in visuo-spatial working memory is reflected by dorsolateral prefrontal activation and cognitive capabilities.

Introduction: Visuo-spatial working memory (VSWM) performances undergo a decline throughout aging and are affected by the space in which the task is performed (reaching or navigational). Cerebral oxygenation and cognitive capabilities could explain this decline. We assessed the effects of age on cerebral oxygenation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) in VSWM tasks in reaching and navigational space.

Interspecific interactions among functionally diverse frugivores and their outcomes for plant reproduction: A new approach based on camera-trap data and tailored null models.

The study of plant-frugivore interactions is essential to understand the ecology and evolution of many plant communities. However, very little is known about how interactions among frugivores indirectly affect plant reproductive success. In this study, we examined direct interactions among vertebrate frugivores sharing the same fruit resources.

Fluid Degradation Measurement Based on a Dual Coil Frequency Response Analysis.

Electrical industry uses oils for cooling and insulation of several machines, such as power transformers. In addition, it uses water for cooling some synchronous generators. To avoid malfunctions in these assets, fluid quality should be preserved.

Enantioselective zinc-mediated conjugate alkynylation of saccharin-derived 1-aza-butadienes.

The enantioselective 1,4-alkynylation of conjugated imines derived from saccharin with aryl- and alkyl-substituted terminal alkynes has been achieved. The reaction mediated by diethylzinc in the presence of a catalytic amount of a bis(hydroxy)malonamide chiral ligand provides the corresponding imines bearing a propargylic stereocenter with moderate yields and fair to excellent enantioselectivities.

Ecological, genetic and evolutionary drivers of regional genetic differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Background: Disentangling the drivers of genetic differentiation is one of the cornerstones in evolution. This is because genetic diversity, and the way in which it is partitioned within and among populations across space, is an important asset for the ability of populations to adapt and persist in changing environments. We tested three major hypotheses accounting for genetic differentiation-isolation-by-distance (IBD), isolation-by-environment (IBE) and isolation-by-resistance (IBR)-in the annual plant Arabidopsis thaliana across the Iberian Peninsula, the region with the largest genomic diversity.

Utilizing field collected insects for next generation sequencing: Effects of sampling, storage, and DNA extraction methods.

DNA sequencing technologies continue to advance the biological sciences, expanding opportunities for genomic studies of non-model organisms for basic and applied questions. Despite these opportunities, many next generation sequencing protocols have been developed assuming a substantial quantity of high molecular weight DNA (>100 ng), which can be difficult to obtain for many study systems. In particular, the ability to sequence field-collected specimens that exhibit varying levels of DNA degradation remains largely unexplored.

Carpal Extension Angles in Agility Dogs Exiting the A-Frame and Hurdle Jumps.

Objectives:  The aim of this study was to determine the mean carpal extension angles in dogs participating in the A-frame and hurdle jumps, and to determine if the use of a carpal brace changed the carpal extension angle.

Study Design:  Data from 13 healthy agility dogs were included. Approximately 1 cm square adhesive tape markers placed on both forelimbs served as anatomic landmarks for carpal angle measurement.