Publications by authors named "Castilhos J"
Background: This study explored the layperson's perception of comfort, satisfaction, and willingness to use various accessories in clear aligner therapy.
Methods: A total of 267 people analyzed standardized intraoral photographs of a female model in orthodontic treatment using: 1) only clear aligner (CA), the control group; 2) clear aligner+attachments (AT); 3) clear aligners+Cl II elastics (EL); 4) clear aligner+hybrid treatment with esthetic braces (HEB); 5) Clear aligner+hybrid treatment with metallic braces (HMB); 6) clear aligner+mini-implants (MI); 7) clear aligner+mini-implants and elastics for intrusion (MIE). In addition, a social media questionnaire was distributed to assess the willingness to undergo orthodontic treatment with various accessories.
Article Synopsis
- Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a severe cancer known for late diagnoses and high mortality due to its complex biology and treatment resistance.
- This review examines how the microbiome influences the effectiveness of chemotherapy in PDAC by affecting drug metabolism and immune response within the tumor environment.
- It discusses innovative methods like AI and patient-derived models to explore microbial interactions with cancer, emphasizing the need for personalized approaches in treatment to improve patient outcomes.
Article Synopsis
- Recent studies indicate that specific microbiota may influence complications and outcomes in patients undergoing pancreatic head resections.
- *A prospective study involving 101 patients utilized 16S rRNA sequencing to investigate the microbiome at surgical sites and found that variations in microbiome composition were linked to factors such as cancer type, age, and pre-surgical interventions.
- *In particular, higher levels of Enterococcus spp. in the bile were associated with increased risk of surgical site infections and higher mortality rates up to 24 months post-surgery.*
The visual perception of aligned and crowded maxillary lateral incisors when smiling via eye tracking.
J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects
December 2022
Background: This study aimed to investigate whether the alignment of the teeth while smiling alters the visual perception by laypeople using eye tracking.
Methods: Facial images (two males and two females) were digitally edited to show a smile pattern with aligned teeth and one with crowded teeth. Sixty laypeople were selected to observe the images.
Unlabelled: Globally distributed marine taxa are well suited for investigations of biogeographic impacts on genetic diversity, connectivity, and population demography. The sea turtle genus includes the wide-ranging and abundant olive ridley (), and the geographically restricted and 'Critically Endangered' Kemp's ridley (). To investigate their historical biogeography, we analyzed a large dataset of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from olive (n = 943) and Kemp's (n = 287) ridleys, and genotyped 15 nuclear microsatellite loci in a global sample of olive ridleys (n 285).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEpigenetic modifications established during prenatal and early life, including DNA methylation, have been suggested as potential mediators of the interaction between environmental exposures during the perinatal period and adult metabolic health adverse outcomes, especially cardiometabolic complications and overweight. The effect of a dietary intervention in the first year of life on global methylation levels in leukocyte samples from a cohort of children born between 2001 and 2002 in southern Brazil was examined. Overall methylation measurements were performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays on DNA samples from 237 children at 4 years old.
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- The olive oil extraction process generates a significant amount of waste (80% bagasse), prompting the need for value-added alternatives to minimize environmental impact.
- The study investigates the antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of residues from oil extracted from Arbequina and Arbosana olives.
- Results show that the extract can inhibit about 75% of human colon cancer cells at a specific concentration and effectively targets harmful microorganisms while preserving beneficial fermentation microbes.
Article Synopsis
- The oropharyngeal microbiome may influence the immune response during respiratory virus infections, including COVID-19, with evidence suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection alters microbiome profiles.
- A multicenter study evaluated the microbiomes of healthy individuals and COVID-19 patients at various infection severities, finding that moderate to severe cases exhibited significant microbial imbalances compared to mild cases.
- Machine learning models identified specific microbial signatures, particularly involving Neisseria and Haemophilus species, that could predict mortality in COVID-19 patients, indicating that while the infection impacts microbiome, other factors also play a role.
Article Synopsis
- Sulfites are used in wine production for their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, while copper is associated with fungicides, exposing wine yeasts to both elements regularly.
- Copper tolerance in wine yeasts is linked to the CUP1 gene that helps with copper detoxification, and sulfite resistance is mainly due to the presence of the translocation t(XVI;VIII) in the SSU1 gene, which aids in sulfite metabolism.
- The study analyzed 253 Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains from different vineyards, finding significant variability in CUP1 gene copy numbers and revealing a correlation between the t(XVI;VIII) translocation and sulfite tolerance levels, while introducing a new translocation, t(XVI;XV
The Use of Mobile Educational Tools to Improve Antimicrobial Prescription for the Treatment of Acute Pyelonephritis in Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study.
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet
February 2019
Objective: To analyze the prescription of antimicrobial agents for pregnant women admitted into the obstetrics service who presented with acute pyelonephritis.
Methods: Three cross-sectional studies were performed comparing the prescription of antimicrobials for pyelonephritis in pregnant women in the time periods evaluated (2010-2011: 99 patients evaluated; 2013: 116 patients evaluated; 2015: 107 patients evaluated), at the Hospital Fêmina, Porto Alegre, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The analysis was performed before and after the promotion of an institutional protocol for the treatment of pyelonephritis during pregnancy, and on a third occasion after the introduction of a smartphone-based mobile educational tool.
Article Synopsis
- Most commercial probiotics are lactic acid bacteria, including a thermophilic species used in dairy that can rapidly acidify and produce folate, but struggles in the human gut.
- The study analyzed eight dairy-isolated strains from Italy for their probiotic potential and effects on cancer cells, assessing their resistance to antibiotics and ability to survive gastrointestinal conditions.
- Two strains were identified with promising probiotic properties that also showed anticancer effects and folate production, comparable to a well-known commercial strain, suggesting the need for further research on their health benefits.
The objective of this research was to evaluate the treatment of periodontal disease and its effects on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and expression of laboratory markers related to atherosclerosis. Twenty-three healthy patients (group 1) and 21 patients with moderate to severe periodontitis (group 2) underwent evaluation of clinical periodontal parameters. The patients were submitted to CIMT measurements and laboratory evaluations at the start of the study (0 months), 6 months, and 12 months.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Adiponectin is a circulating peptide secreted by mature adipocytes that may act as a regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the association between genetic variability in the adiponectin receptor genes ADIPOR1 (adiponectin receptor 1) and ADIPOR2 and lipodystrophy and its related anthropometric and metabolic phenotypes in HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
Methods: We studied six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the adiponectin receptor genes ADIPOR1 (rs1342387 and rs10920533) and ADIPOR2 (rs11061925, rs10773983, rs929434 and rs767870) and their association with adiponectin plasma levels, lipodystrophy subtypes and other parameters linked to glucose and lipid metabolism involved in the lipodystrophic syndrome.
The rat posterodorsal medial amygdala (MePD) expresses receptors for gonadal hormones and integrates sex steroid-sensitive subcortical networks. Male-female differences are found in the morphology, connectivity, and local neuropil structure of MePD. For example, dendritic spine density is sexually-dimorphic and changes with the estrous cycle and following gonadal hormones manipulations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNitric oxide (NO) is a gas produced through the action of nitric oxide synthase that acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) of adult gastropod mollusks. There are no known reports of the presence of NOS-containing neurons and glial cells in young and adult Megalobulimus abbreviatus. Therefore, NADPH-d histochemistry was employed to map the nitrergic distribution in the CNS of young and adult snails in an attempt to identify any transient enzymatic activity in the developing CNS.
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- - NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) is a key marker used to identify nitric oxide (NO) producing neurons in the nervous systems of various animals, helping to study NO's role in neuroscience.
- - The study focused on young and adult Megalobulimus abbreviatus to observe how their pedal ganglia respond to thermal stress by measuring NO-producing neurons over time (3, 6, 12, and 24 hours post-stimulus).
- - Results showed significant increases in nitric oxide activity in stressed animals, which suggests that NO plays a crucial role in the pain response systems of these snails and might provide insights into their evolutionary biology.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how different hormonal therapies affect the volume of neuronal nuclei and cell bodies in the left posterodorsal medial amygdala (MePD) of adult ovariectomized female rats.
- It found that ovariectomized females treated with estradiol and progesterone had significantly larger neuronal and somatic volumes than those treated with a vehicle or estradiol alone.
- The results indicate that substitutive ovarian hormones can influence neuronal morphology in the MePD, highlighting the important epigenetic roles of sex steroids in adult female rats.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates the activity of nitric oxide-synthesizing neurons in the rat posterodorsal medial amygdala (MePD), a brain area important for reproductive control, comparing adult male and female rats across differing hormonal states during their estrous cycle and after ovariectomy.
- - Results indicated that males generally exhibited higher optical density (a measure of neuron activity) in the MePD compared to females, except during the diestrus phase, but there were no significant differences between cycling females or when comparing hormonal treatments given to ovariectomized females.
- - The findings suggest that while NADPH-d activity differs between male and female rats in the MePD, it remains stable in females regardless of fluctuations in hormone
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates how dendritic spine density in the posterodorsal medial amygdala (MePD) of rats is influenced by sex steroids following different hormonal treatments, specifically in castrated males and females treated with estradiol and progesterone.
- - Findings reveal that intact males had higher spine density compared to early postcastration males, while long-term castrated males showed no significant difference in spine density.
- - In females, estradiol increased dendritic spine density, with an enhanced effect when combined with progesterone; however, the NMDA receptor antagonist used did not block the effects of estradiol.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the role of the rat posterodorsal medial amygdala (MePD) in regulating male sexual behavior, focusing on dendritic spine density in different neurons within the MePD.
- It was found that there were no significant differences in dendritic spine density between different neuron types and subregions of the MePD.
- However, microinjection of the drug 8-OH-DPAT into the MePD notably decreased the time taken for male rats to ejaculate and improved other sexual behaviors, suggesting it enhances sexual activity through 5-HT1A receptors in this brain area.