Implications of disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis on immune cells and response to COVID-19 vaccination.

Introduction: Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) have been shown to improve disease outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. They may also impair the immune response to vaccines, including the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. However, available data on both the intrinsic immune effects of DMTs and their influence on cellular response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine are still incomplete.

Acquired Hemophilia A after SARS-CoV-2 Immunization: A Narrative Review of a Rare Side Effect.

Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare bleeding disorder (1.4 per million inhabitants per year) caused by neutralizing antibodies against factor VIII. Although uncommon, these autoantibodies can cause a high rate of morbidity and mortality.

Oral health inequalities in immigrant populations worldwide: a scoping review of dental caries and periodontal disease prevalence.

Background: Inequalities in immigrants' oral health are often masked in population-level data. Therefore, this paper was planned to assess the prevalence data on oral health diseases, namely dental caries, and periodontitis, among immigrants worldwide.

Methods: Following a systematic search in Scopus, Embase, and PubMed for studies published between 2011 and 2023, 1342 records were identified.

Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Understanding of socioeconomic context might enable more efficient evidence-based preventive strategies in oral health.

Aim: The study assessed the caries-related socioeconomic macro-factors in 12-year-olds across European countries.

Design: This systematic review involved epidemiological surveys on the caries status of 12-year-olds from 2011 to 2022.

Seroprotection against tetanus in the Italian general population.

Background: Tetanus is a non-communicable disease, preventable with vaccination. Despite the implemented vaccination strategy, a certain number of tetanus cases per year continue to occur. The aim of the study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of anti-tetanus antibodies in the Italian population by age, sex and geographical area.

One World, One Health: Zoonotic Diseases, Parasitic Diseases, and Infectious Diseases.

When we take into account how the boundaries between human, animal, and environmental health are inextricably linked and increasingly intertwined, it comes as no surprise that the One Health approach has assumed an unprecedented level of importance over the past decade [...

Impact of Socioeconomic Inequalities on Dental Caries Status in Sardinian Children.

Background: The association between oral health of schoolchildren living in the North Sardinia area and socioeconomic deprivation was assessed to evaluate a potential spatial correlation.

Methods: A total of 10,947 subjects were examined (5281 aged 3-5-years, and 5666 aged 6-11-years). The WHO dmft index score was calculated following clinical examination by calibrated examiners.

A Whole-Genome Sequencing-Based Approach for the Characterization of Co-Producing KPC and OXA-48-like Carbapenemases Circulating in Sardinia, Italy.

Background: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) provides important information for the characterization, surveillance, and monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants, particularly in cases of multi- and extensively drug-resistant microorganisms. We reported the results of a WGS analysis carried out on carbapenemases-producing , which causes hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) and is characterized by a marked resistance profile.

Methods: Clinical, phenotypic, and genotypic data were collected for the AMR surveillance screening program of the University Hospital of Sassari (Italy) during 2020-2021.

Oral Health Survey in Burundi; Evaluation of the Caries Experience in Schoolchildren Using the DMFT Index.

There are no data on oral health in the population of Burundi. This study aimed to describe the oral health status of schoolchildren in Burundi using the dmft/DMFT index for the first time. The study was designed as a cross-sectional population-based epidemiological survey.

Infection Prevention Control Strategies of New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase Producing .

The spread of multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs) is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. Among these, Carbapenemase-producing New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) poses a significant clinical threat, and appropriate measures must be taken to prevent or limit its penetration into still-free territories. The present report describes two independent cases of patients from Ukraine colonized by NDM-producing and admitted to two separate wards of an acute university hospital in a territory not yet affected by Carbapenemase producers of this class.

Higher prevalence of dental caries and periodontal problems among refugees: A scoping review.

Background: We assessed the prevalence data on oral health diseases, namely dental caries and periodontitis, among refugees and asylum seekers worldwide.

Methods: A systematic search of Scopus, Embase, and PubMed retrieved 1225 records; following title and abstract screening, 58 studies remained for full-text eligibility screening based on pre-defined inclusion criteria. Twenty-six studies were included in the review.

Use of digital technologies in public health: a narrative review.

Background And Aim: Websites, social media networks and mobile applications constitute important communication tools, while simultaneously enabling the population to increase their knowledge of health issues. This study aims to describe digital health experiences in Public Health to examine the different possible uses of digital technologies by Public Health Operators (PHOs) and Health Care Workers (HCWs) and the role these tools play in the efficiency of the health interventions undertaken.

Methods: A narrative literature survey was conducted by consulting the PubMed and Scopus databases to find articles relevant to the topic of interest.

Family Medicine and Primary Healthcare: The Past, Present and Future.

As defined by the World Health Organisation in the conference held in Alma Ata, Kazakhstan, in 1978, "Primary health care is essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound, and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost that the community and country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self-reliance and self-determination" [...

Artificial Intelligence and Public Health: Evaluating ChatGPT Responses to Vaccination Myths and Misconceptions.

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools, such as ChatGPT, are the subject of intense debate regarding their possible applications in contexts such as health care. This study evaluates the Correctness, Clarity, and Exhaustiveness of the answers provided by ChatGPT on the topic of vaccination. The World Health Organization's 11 "myths and misconceptions" about vaccinations were administered to both the free (GPT-3.

Immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent meningococcal tetanus toxoid-conjugate vaccine (MenACYW-TT): A review of the evidence and expert opinion.

Introduction: Serogroups A, B, C, W, X, and Y of Neisseria meningitidis are responsible for almost all cases of invasive meningococcal disease. In Italy, vaccination against serogroup B is recommended at 3-13 months, C at 13-15 months, and A, C, Y and W in adolescents (12-18 years). Four quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccines are available.

First Year of Special Issue "New Insights in Vaccination and Public Health": Opinions and Considerations.

Disease prevention and control is the foundation of public health [...

Sero-Epidemiological Study of Varicella in the Italian General Population.

The aim of this study was to analyze the seroprevalence of varicella in Italy and to evaluate the impact of varicella vaccination, which has been mandatory for newborns since 2017. The levels of VZV-specific IgG antibodies were determined by the ELISA method in residual serum samples obtained from subjects aged between 6 and 64 years and residing in 13 Italian regions. Overall, 3746 serum samples were collected in the years 2019 and 2020.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors towards Proper Nutrition and Lifestyles in Italian Diabetic Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Prevention of diabetes mellitus is mainly based on a healthy lifestyle. The lockdown measures imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in major changes in daily life and social behavior, which may have an influence on diabetes self-management and glycemic control. The present work aims to assess the relationship between diabetic patients' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors towards proper nutrition and lifestyles in order to plan strategies for educational intervention from a health literacy perspective.

Cross-sectional analysis of the humoral response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Sardinian multiple sclerosis patients, a follow-up study.

Monitoring immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and its clinical efficacy over time in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients treated with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) help to establish the optimal strategies to ensure adequate COVID-19 protection without compromising disease control offered by DMTs. Following our previous observations on the humoral response one month after two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine (T1) in MS patients differently treated, here we present a cross-sectional and longitudinal follow-up analysis six months following vaccination (T2, n=662) and one month following the first booster (T3, n=185). Consistent with results at T1, humoral responses were decreased in MS patients treated with fingolimod and anti-CD20 therapies compared with untreated patients also at the time points considered here (T2 and T3).

Impact on breast cancer susceptibility and clinicopathological traits of common genetic polymorphisms in and genes in Sardinian women.

Common variants of genes involved in DNA damage correction [tumor protein p53 (, murine double 2 homolog oncoprotein ( and ataxia-telengiectasia mutated ()] may serve a role in cancer predisposition. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association of five variants in these genes with breast cancer risk and clinicopathological traits in a cohort of 261 women from northern Sardinia. Polymorphic variants in (rs17878362, rs1042522 and rs1625895), (rs2279744) and (rs1799757) were determined by PCR and TaqMan single nucleotide polymorphism assay in patients with breast cancer (n=136) and healthy controls (n=125).

COVID-19 and Digital Health: Evolution, Perspectives and Opportunities.

Health Communication is key to establishing an empathic relationship between health professionals and their patients. Indeed, the ability to motivate and reassure the patient often determines the success of the therapies proposed. In the past, the relationship between health professionals and patients was centred on treatment and assistance, and health information came in the form of education campaigns based on signage (large posters, etc.

Infections in lung transplanted patients: A review.

Lung transplantation can improve the survival of patients with severe chronic pulmonary disorders. However, the short- and long-term risk of infections can increase morbidity and mortality rates. A non-systematic review was performed to provide the most updated information on pathogen, host, and environment-related factors associated with the occurrence of bacterial, fungal, and viral infections as well as the most appropriate therapeutic options.

Controlling Infectious Risk in Transfusion: Assessing the Effectiveness of Skin Disinfection in Blood Donors.

Bacterial infectious risk is a major problem in transfusion medicine. The type of micro-organisms isolated during bacterial contamination of blood products indicates that the donor’s skin is its main source. In this context, the primary measures to reduce this risk are: (a) optimal disinfection of the donor’s arm and (b) satellite bag diversion of the initial volume of blood collected.