Behavioral changes in preterm children during nasogastric tube feeding. Comparative study of manual administration by parents versus mechanical administration via electric syringe pump.

Introduction: Manual feeding by parents using a syringe, a widespread practice in Sweden since the 1980s, favors parents' involvement in childcare tasks. This approach is used in our neonatal unity since 2007.

Objective: To study the behavioral changes of preterm children during nasogastric tube feeding: manual milk administration by parents (MAP) versus electric syringe administration (ESA) over a 30-minute period.

Anxiety and depression in patients with multiple sclerosis: The mediating effects of perceived social support.

Background: Social support has been identified as a buffering or intervening variable in stressful life events. Research has demonstrated that greater social support is associated with better mental health in multiple sclerosis (MS), but little is known about its links to specific aspects of mental health. We therefore investigated if and how perceived social support modulates depression, anxiety and fatigue in patients with MS.

Blastocele fluid from in vitro- and in vivo-produced equine embryos contains nuclear DNA.

Normal mammalian early embryonic development involves apoptosis of blastomeres as a remodeling process during differentiation, starting at the blastocyst stage. Genomic DNA has been recently detected in the blastocele fluid of human embryos and has been amplified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to diagnose the sex of in vitro-produced human embryos. This new approach varies from conventional preimplantation genetic diagnosis in that no cells are extracted from the embryo and only the blastocele fluid is aspirated and used as a DNA sample for diagnosis.

2-Pyrrolinodoxorubicin and its peptide-vectorized form bypass multidrug resistance.

A well-known mechanism leading to the emergence of multidrug-resistant tumor cells is the overexpression of P-glycoprotein, which is capable of lowering intracellular drug concentrations. In the present study, we tested the capability of 2-pyrrolinodoxorubicin (p-DOX), a highly potent derivative of DOX, to bypass multidrug resistance. The accumulation, intracellular distribution and cytotoxicity of p-DOX were tested in two cell lines (K562 and A2780) and their DOX-resistant counterparts (K562/ADR and A2780/ADR).

Polyimidazole conjugated oligonucleotides reach the nucleus of HeLa cells.

Oligonucleotide models bearing 6, 12 or 18 histamine residues were synthesized on solid support and labeled with fluorescein. Only the oligo with 6 histamine residues showed a high uptake in HeLa cells with a nuclear localization. Experiment a 4 degrees C or with bafilomicyn A1 suggest that uptake proceeded by an endocytosis mechanism followed by a destabilization of the membrane.

Effect of colostral fat level on fat deposition and plasma metabolites in the newborn pig.

The effects of colostral fat level on fat deposition and plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, and free fatty acids (FFA) were determined in 28 newborn pigs during the first postnatal day. Soon after birth, pigs were allotted to four treatments groups. Group 1 was killed at birth.

Effect of low temperatures on glucose-induced insulin secretion and glucose metabolism in isolated pancreatic islets of the rat.

The direct effect of hypothermia on the inhibition of insulin secretion may result from inhibition of the availability of energetic substrates and/or the lack of metabolic signals. In order to verify this hypothesis, the insulin secretion and the main metabolic glucose pathways were measured during the incubation of rat islets. In the presence of 16.

Hormonal control of lipolysis from the white adipose tissue of hibernating jerboa (Jaculus orientalis).

1. Plasma glucose, glycerol, free fatty acids and total lipid content of the white adipose tissue were measured in euthermic and hibernating jerboa. 2.

Effect of low temperatures on glucose-induced insulin secretion and ionic fluxes in rat pancreatic islets.

The direct effect of cold on the inhibition of B cell secretion is well known in hibernating and experimentally hypothermic mammals. This temperature dependency may result from the inhibition of ion transport across the membranes. In order to verify this hypothesis, ionic effluxes and insulin secretion from rat islets loaded with 86Rb+ and 45Ca+ were measured during perifusion.

[Regulation of endocrine pancreas secretions (insulin and glucagon) during the periodic lethargy-waking cycle of the hibernating mammal].

In winter, hibernating mammals enter a long phase of lethargy which is characterized by low body temperature, depressed metabolism and minimal release of metabolic substrates from endogenous fuel stores. Periodically, they spontaneously warm themselves to regain the euthermic state. These arousals are, by contrast, times of high release and consumption of endogenous substrates.

Glucose oxidation by adipose tissue of the edible dormouse (Glis glis) during hibernation and arousal: effect of insulin.

1. The effect of insulin on U-14C-glucose oxidation by adipose tissue isolated from hibernating or arousing edible dormouse has been studied. 2.

Pancreatic A and B cell stimulation in euthermic and hibernating marmots (Marmota flaviventris): effects of glucose and arginine administration.

In euthermic and hibernating marmots (Marmota flaviventris), the pancreatic A and B cells respond in the appropriate secretory manner to glucose or arginine injection. Although reduced, this response, is clearly present in hibernating marmots. When glucose is administered to euthermic or hibernating marmots, plasma insulin concentrations rise and glucagon levels fall.

Glucagon secretion in the hibernating edible dormouse (Glis glis).

Plasma glucose and glucagon concentrations were measured in edible dormice during the bout of hibernation, arousal and active periods. During lethargy, plasma glucose and glucagon were low, compared to active values and did not fluctuate throughout the phase. During rewarming, plasma glucose regularly increased from 17 degrees to 37 degrees C while plasma glucagon rose after the 17 degrees C stage and reached the higher values at 26 degrees C, then slightly decreased at 37 degrees C.

Hibernation depth influences the edible dormouse pancreatic B cell during the spring arousal.

In order to determine the influence of hibernation depth upon the secretion and the effect of insulin, two groups of edible dormice were maintained in winter under different climatic and nutritional conditions, and their pancreatic B-cell function was tested during the spring arousal. The first group of animals was exposed to a moderate temperature and fed ad libitum. Their periods of hypothermia were short and irregular and the active periods sometimes lasted several days; their body weight increased during the winter months; in spring, the sensitivity of B cells to glucose was low, decreasing insulin secretion in vivo and in vitro, and the adipocytes were insulin resistant.

Insulin secretion in the hibernating edible dormouse (Glis glis): in vivo and in vitro studies.

Plasma glucose and insulin have been studied during lethargy and spontaneous arousal of hibernating edible dormouse. During lethargy blood glucose was low while plasma insulin remained at the same level as in other seasons. Plasma glucose and insulin did not fluctuate along the phase of lethargy.

In vitro B cell response to glucose in the hibernating hedgehog: comparison with the homeothermic hedgehog and the rat.

The effect of glucose and temperature on insulin secretion was studied using pieces of pancreas from hibernating hedgehogs, homeothermic hedgehogs and rats. The rewarming of the perfusion medium progressively stimulated insulin release from the pancreases from lethargic hedgehogs above 13 degrees C even in the absence of glucose. At low temperature (20 degrees C), insulin probably resulted from labile compartments as suggested by the great first phase of glucose-induced insulin secretion from pancreases from lethargic hedgehogs.

Pancreatic A cell response to arginine in the hibernating hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus).

Pancreatic A cell response to arginine was measured in hedgehogs during the periods of lethargy and arousal and then during activity. Spontaneous plasma glucagon concentrations were lower during lethargy than during activity, and they increased during arousal. Arginine administration induced a slight, but significant delayed increase in plasma glucagon concentration in the lethargic hedgehog (body temperature: 6 degrees).

Seasonal effect of catecholamines on glucose-induced insulin secretion in the edible dormouse (Glis glis L.): in vivo and in vitro studies.

The results of the present study support the view that catecholamines are important for insulin secretion during the annual cycle of the edible dormouse exposed to seasonal changes in southwest France. Glucose tolerance tests and perfusion of the isolated pancreas have shown that in spring and summer, the B cell secretion mechanism is less sensitive to glucose than in other seasons. In spring and summer, insulin secretion induced by glucose is enhanced after in vivo and in vitro phentolamine treatment.

Dynamics of insulin release by perfused edible dormouse (Glis glis) pancreas. Seasonal variations.

In order to characterize seasonal variations of beta cell function in the edible dormouse (Glis glis), the dynamics of insulin release were examined during perfusion of the isolated pancreas. The B cells exhibited biphasic insulin secretion; however, the dynamic response differed from that of the rat in that there was a steady-state second release phase. Glucose-induced insulin release changed according to the seasons.

Seasonal variations in plasma glucose and insulin concentrations after glucose loading in the edible dormouse (Glis glis L.).

Glucose tolerance tests made in the Edible dormouse showed annual variations in B cell secretory capacity, associated with glucose tolerance changes. 1. During autumn and winter, the B cell is sensitive to glucose, and insulin regulates the high peripheral consumption of this hexose.

Plasma glucose and insulin in the hibernating hedgehog.

Plasma glucose and insulin have been studied during lethargy and spontaneous arousal of hibernating hedgehogs. During lethargy, plasma glucose and insulin were low and showed no variation. Glucose and insulin injections given during lethargy showed no effects on plasma insulin and glucose respectively but confirmed a very low plasma clearance of glucose and insulin.

[Plasma Ca, Na, and K levels during the hibernation of hedgehogs, common dormice, and garden dormice].

The plasmatic rate of Ca, Na and K are nearly constant during the deep lethargy of hedgehogs, common dormice and garden dormice and little differ from those measured in the active animals at 22 degrees C. Only the kaliemies of the hibernating common dormice and garden dormice are very low. The evolution of the three parameters during the alternance lethargy and periodic arousal has been analysed in terms of the metabolic and endocrinian changes which occur at those moments.