Hypertension control after intracerebral hemorrhage among varying small vessel disease etiologies.

Introduction: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is attributable to cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD), which includes cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and hypertensive-cSVD (HTN-cSVD). HTN-cSVD includes patients with strictly deep ICH/microbleeds and mixed location ICH/microbleeds, the latter representing a more severe form of HTN-cSVD. We test the hypothesis that more severe forms of HTN-cSVD are related to worse hypertension control in long-term follow-up after ICH.

Sex Differences in Onset and Progression of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy.

Background: Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (CAA) disease course is highly variable even in hereditary forms. Sex may be a possible modifying factor. We investigated biological sex differences in clinical disease course and magnetic resonance imaging-markers in sporadic (sCAA) and Dutch-type hereditary CAA (D-CAA).

Association of Depression Onset and Treatment With Blood Pressure Control After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background: Blood pressure (BP) control represents a crucial intervention to improve long-term outcomes following spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, fewer than half of ICH survivors achieve target treatment goals. ICH survivors are also at very high risk for poststroke depression, which may contribute to inadequate BP control.

Cutaneous reaction to ifosfamide plus mesna treated with desensitization challenge: a case report.

Background: Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent used in the treatment of a wide range of tumours. Because of known side effects it is usually administered in combination with mesna, a thiol agent with uroprotective activity, to reduce them and increase the therapeutic dose. The most frequently administered regimens for ifosfamide are fractionated doses for 3 to 5 days, high-dose intravenous bolus, and continuous infusion over 24 to 72 h.

Long-Term Blood Pressure Variability and Major Adverse Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background Survivors of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) are at increased risk for major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), in the form of recurrent stroke and myocardial Infarction. We investigated whether long-term blood pressure (BP) variability represents a risk factor for MACCE after ICH, independent of average BP. Methods and Results We analyzed data from prospective ICH cohort studies at Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Hong Kong.

Biological and Social Determinants of Hypertension Severity Before vs After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background And Objectives: Although blood pressure (BP) control is considered the most effective measure to prevent functional decline after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), fewer than half of survivors achieve treatment goals. We hypothesized that long-term (i.e.

The impact of a malaria elimination initiative on school outcomes: Evidence from Southern Mozambique.

Despite the significant improvements achieved over the last ten years, primary education attainment in Mozambique is still low. Potential reasons acting from the demand perspective include ill health, among other factors. In Mozambique, ill health is still largely linked to malaria, which is a leading cause of outpatient contacts, hospital admissions and death, particularly among under-five and school-aged children.

Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Depression Among Intracerebral Hemorrhage Survivors.

Background And Purpose: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is an acute manifestation of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), usually cerebral amyloid angiopathy or hypertensive arteriopathy. CSVD-related imaging findings are associated with increased depression incidence in the general population. Neuroimaging may, therefore, provide insight on depression risk among ICH survivors.

Impact of Uncontrolled Hypertension at 3 Months After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background Survivors of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are at high risk for recurrent stroke, which is associated with blood pressure control. Because most recurrent stroke events occur within 12 to 18 months of the index ICH, rapid blood pressure control is likely to be crucial. We investigated the frequency and prognostic impact of uncontrolled short-term hypertension after ICH.

Contribution of Racial and Ethnic Differences in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Subtype and Burden to Risk of Cerebral Hemorrhage Recurrence.

Objective: Black and Hispanic survivors of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are at higher risk of recurrent intracranial bleeding. MRI-based markers of chronic cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) are consistently associated with recurrent ICH. We therefore sought to investigate whether racial/ethnic differences in MRI-defined CSVD subtype and severity contribute to disparities in ICH recurrence risk.

Multicenter Validation of the max-ICH Score in Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Objective: Outcome prognostication unbiased by early care limitations (ECL) is essential for guiding treatment in patients presenting with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The aim of this study was to determine whether the max-ICH (maximally treated ICH) Score provides improved and clinically useful prognostic estimation of functional long-term outcomes after ICH.

Methods: This multicenter validation study compared the prognostication of the max-ICH Score versus the ICH Score regarding diagnostic accuracy (discrimination and calibration) and clinical utility using decision curve analysis.

Effect of intravenous lidocaine on ischemia-reperfusion injury in DIEP microsurgical breast reconstruction. A prospective double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background: Ischemia-reperfusion injury in free flaps is associated with tissue damage and is one of the main factors causing flap failure in reconstructive microsurgery. The aim of this study is to assess whether any ischemia-reperfusion injury takes place during a microsurgical flap reconstruction as seen through the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase, biomarkers of oxidative stress, and to analyze the effect of lidocaine in this process.

Methods: Twenty-four patients operated for immediate breast reconstruction using the Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator free flap technique were divided into two groups: one group was treated with a lidocaine intravenous perfusion and the other group with a saline perfusion.

Death due to acute Chagas -related myocarditis in a child: a case report.

This is a case report about the only confirmed death in the State of Espírito Santo due to acute Chagas-related myocarditis in a 2-year-old child living in the rural area of Guarapari. He presented with fever, abdominal pain, headache, and vomiting, resulting in death 21 days after the presentation of symptoms. Amastigote forms were observed in the myocardial fibers in histological examination.

Opioid Use and Appropriateness of Supply After Total Knee or Hip Arthroplasty: An Australian Perspective.

Introduction: Effective pain management after joint arthroplasty is essential for optimal participation in rehabilitation. However, this needs to be balanced with potential risks associated with opioid use and community exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate opioid use and appropriateness of supply on discharge after total knee arthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty at a major Australian health service.

Publisher Correction: The Dopamine D5 receptor contributes to activation of cholinergic interneurons during L-DOPA induced dyskinesia.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

The Dopamine D5 receptor contributes to activation of cholinergic interneurons during L-DOPA induced dyskinesia.

The dopamine D5 receptor (D5R) is a Gα-coupled dopamine receptor belonging to the dopamine D1-like receptor family. Together with the dopamine D2 receptor it is highly expressed in striatal cholinergic interneurons and therefore is poised to be a positive regulator of cholinergic activity in response to L-DOPA in the dopamine-depleted parkinsonian brain. Tonically active cholinergic interneurons become dysregulated during chronic L-DOPA administration and participate in the expression of L-DOPA induced dyskinesia.

Desert crossing strategies of migrant songbirds vary between and within species.

Each year, billions of songbirds cross large ecological barriers during their migration. Understanding how they perform this incredible task is crucial to predict how global change may threaten the safety of such journeys. Earlier studies based on radar suggested that most songbirds cross deserts in intermittent flights at high altitude, stopping in the desert during the day, while recent tracking with light loggers suggested diurnal prolongation of nocturnal flights and common non-stop flights for some species.

The Kinetic Component in Drug Discovery: Using the Most Basic Pharmacological Concepts to Advance in Selecting Drugs to Combat CNS Diseases.

To reach the central nervous system (CNS), drugs must cross the brain-blood barrier and have appropriate pharmacokinetic/dynamic properties. However, in early drug discovery steps, the selection of lead compounds, for example, those targeting G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), is made according to i) affinity, which is calculated in in vitro equilibrium conditions, and ii) potency, a signal transduction-related parameter, usually quantified at a fixed time-point in a heterologous expression system. This paper argues that kinetics must be considered in the early steps of lead compound selection.

Attentional Patterns to Emotional Faces Versus Scenes in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Previous research has shown attentional biases in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) when processing distressing information. This study examined these attentional patterns as a function of the type of stimulus (scenes and faces) and the stimulus valence (happy, sad, threatening, neutral) using a within-subject design. A dot-probe was applied to ASD (n = 24) and typically developing (TD) children (n = 24).

Alterations of Expression of the Serotonin 5-HT4 Receptor in Brain Disorders.

The serotonin 4 receptor, 5-HT₄R, represents one of seven different serotonin receptor families and is implicated in a variety of physiological functions and their pathophysiological variants, such as mood and depression or anxiety, food intake and obesity or anorexia, or memory and memory loss in Alzheimer's disease. Its central nervous system expression pattern in the forebrain, in particular in caudate putamen, the hippocampus and to lesser extent in the cortex, predispose it for a role in executive function and reward-related actions. In rodents, regional overexpression or knockdown in the prefrontal cortex or the nucleus accumbens of 5-HT₄R was shown to impact mood and depression-like phenotypes, food intake and hypophagia; however, whether expression changes are causally involved in the etiology of such disorders is not clear.