Diffuse pediatric high-grade glioma of methylation-based RTK2A and RTK2B subclasses present distinct radiological and histomolecular features including Gliomatosis cerebri phenotype.

Diffuse pediatric-type high-grade gliomas (pedHGG), H3- and IDH-wildtype, encompass three main DNA-methylation-based subtypes: pedHGG-MYCN, pedHGG-RTK1A/B/C, and pedHGG-RTK2A/B. Since their first description in 2017 tumors of pedHGG-RTK2A/B have not been comprehensively characterized and clinical correlates remain elusive. In a recent series of pedHGG with a Gliomatosis cerebri (GC) growth pattern, an increased incidence of pedHGG-RTK2A/B (n = 18) was observed.

An injectable oleogel-based bupivacaine formulation for prolonged non-opioid post-operative analgesia.

Opioid-based medications remain the mainstay of post-operative pain management, even though they are associated with a plethora of adverse effects including addiction, nausea, constipation, cognitive impairment, respiratory depression, and accidental death due to overdose. Local anesthetics are effective at controlling the intense pain after surgery but their short duration of effect limits their clinical utility in post-operative pain management. In this manuscript, an optimized injectable oleogel-based formulation of bupivacaine for multi-day post-operative pain management was characterized on the benchtop and assessed in two clinically-relevant porcine post-operative pain models.

Gliomatosis cerebri in children: A poor prognostic phenotype of diffuse gliomas with a distinct molecular profile.

Background: The term gliomatosis cerebri (GC), a radiology-defined highly infiltrating diffuse glioma, has been abandoned since molecular GC-associated features could not be established.

Methods: We conducted a multinational retrospective study of 104 children and adolescents with GC providing comprehensive clinical and (epi-)genetic characterization.

Results: Median overall survival (OS) was 15.

Pulsed Red and Blue Photobiomodulation for the Treatment of Thigh Contusions and Soft Tissue Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Context: Contusion and soft tissue injuries are common in sports. Photobiomodultion, light and laser therapy, is an effective aid to increase healing rates and improve function after various injury mechanisms. However, it is unclear how well photobiomodulation improves function after a contusion soft tissue injury.

iPS-cell-derived microglia promote brain organoid maturation via cholesterol transfer.

Microglia are specialized brain-resident macrophages that arise from primitive macrophages colonizing the embryonic brain. Microglia contribute to multiple aspects of brain development, but their precise roles in the early human brain remain poorly understood owing to limited access to relevant tissues. The generation of brain organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells recapitulates some key features of human embryonic brain development.

Diffuse midline glioma invasion and metastasis rely on cell-autonomous signaling.

Background: Diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) are pediatric tumors with negligible 2-year survival after diagnosis characterized by their ability to infiltrate the central nervous system. In the hope of controlling the local growth and slowing the disease, all patients receive radiotherapy. However, distant progression occurs frequently in DMG patients.

A Novel Sensory Wave (P25) in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Murine Model.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a murine model for multiple sclerosis. This model is characterized by chronic and progressive demyelination, leading to impairment of motor function and paralysis. While the outcomes of the disease, including impaired motor function and immunological changes, are well-characterized, little is known about the impact of EAE on the electrophysiology of the motor and sensory systems.

The pontine diffuse midline glioma, EGFR-subtype with ependymal features: Yet another face of diffuse midline glioma, H3K27-altered.

Diffuse midline glioma with two components: classical glial and ependymal.

Mucosal transcriptomics highlight lncRNAs implicated in ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and celiac disease.

Ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD), and celiac disease are prevalent intestinal inflammatory disorders with nonsatisfactory therapeutic interventions. Analyzing patient data-driven cohorts can highlight disease pathways and new targets for interventions. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are attractive candidates, since they are readily targetable by RNA therapeutics, show relative cell-specific expression, and play key cellular functions.

Intraoperative abobotulinumtoxinA alleviates pain after surgery and improves general wellness in a translational animal model.

Pain after surgery remains a significant healthcare challenge. Here, abobotulinumtoxinA (aboBoNT-A, DYSPORT) was assessed in a post-surgical pain model in pigs. Full-skin-muscle incision and retraction surgery on the lower back was followed by intradermal injections of either aboBoNT-A (100, 200, or 400 U/pig), vehicle (saline), or wound infiltration of extended-release bupivacaine.

Posterior fossa ependymoma H3 K27-mutant: an integrated radiological and histomolecular tumor analysis.

Posterior fossa group A ependymomas (EPN_PFA) are characterized by a loss of H3 K27 trimethylation due to either EZHIP overexpression or H3 p.K27M mutation, similar to H3 K27-altered diffuse midline gliomas (DMG), but in reverse proportions. Very little data is available in the literature concerning H3 K27M-mutant EPN_PFA.

The genomic landscape of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours and a comprehensive analysis of recurrent cases.

Aims: Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour (DNT) is a glioneuronal tumour that is challenging to diagnose, with a wide spectrum of histological features. Three histopathological patterns have been described: specific DNTs (both the simple form and the complex form) comprising the specific glioneuronal element, and also the non-specific/diffuse form which lacks it, and has unclear phenotype-genotype correlations with numerous differential diagnoses.

Methods: We used targeted methods (immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridisation and targeted sequencing) and large-scale genomic methodologies including DNA methylation profiling to perform an integrative analysis to better characterise a large retrospective cohort of 82 DNTs, enriched for tumours that showed progression on imaging.

The dural angioleiomyoma harbors frequent GJA4 mutation and a distinct DNA methylation profile.

The International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) has defined four vascular lesions in the central nervous system (CNS): arteriovenous malformations, cavernous angiomas (also known as cerebral cavernous malformations), venous malformations, and telangiectasias. From a retrospective central radiological and histopathological review of 202 CNS vascular lesions, we identified three cases of unclassified vascular lesions. Interestingly, they shared the same radiological and histopathological features evoking the cavernous subtype of angioleiomyomas described in the soft tissue.

Deciphering the genetic and epigenetic landscape of pediatric bithalamic tumors.

Pediatric bithalamic gliomas encompass several histomolecular tumoral types from benign to malignant and underlines the central role of a comprehensive neuropathological review, including immunohistochemistry, genetic, and epigenetic analyses, to achieve an accurate diagnosis.

A DNA Repair and Cell Cycle Gene Expression Signature in Pediatric High-Grade Gliomas: Prognostic and Therapeutic Value.

Background: Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) are the leading cause of mortality in pediatric neuro-oncology, displaying frequent resistance to standard therapies. Profiling DNA repair and cell cycle gene expression has recently been proposed as a strategy to classify adult glioblastomas. To improve our understanding of the DNA damage response pathways that operate in pHGGs and the vulnerabilities that these pathways might expose, we sought to identify and characterize a specific DNA repair and cell-cycle gene expression signature of pHGGs.

Radiogenomics of diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs): correlation of histological and biological characteristics with multimodal MRI features.

Objectives: The diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) are now defined by the type of histone H3 mutated at lysine 27. We aimed to correlate the multimodal MRI features of DIPGs, H3K27M mutant, with their histological and molecular characteristics.

Methods: Twenty-seven treatment-naïve children with histopathologically confirmed DIPG H3K27M mutant were prospectively included.