Infants Admitted to US Intensive Care Units for RSV Infection During the 2022 Seasonal Peak.

Importance: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and infant hospitalization worldwide.

Objective: To evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of RSV-related critical illness in US infants during peak 2022 RSV transmission.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study used a public health prospective surveillance registry in 39 pediatric hospitals across 27 US states.

Variation in Early Anakinra Use and Short-Term Outcomes in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.

Objective: Evidence regarding effectiveness of interleukin-1 receptor antagonism in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is lacking. We characterized variation in initial treatment with anakinra and evaluated cardiovascular outcomes associated with adding anakinra to standard initial therapy.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of MIS-C cases in a US surveillance registry from November 2020 to December 2021.

Changes in Distribution of Severe Neurologic Involvement in US Pediatric Inpatients With COVID-19 or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children in 2021 vs 2020.

Importance: In 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, neurologic involvement was common in children and adolescents hospitalized in the United States for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related complications.

Objective: To provide an update on the spectrum of SARS-CoV-2-related neurologic involvement among children and adolescents in 2021.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Case series investigation of patients reported to public health surveillance hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2-related illness between December 15, 2020, and December 31, 2021, in 55 US hospitals in 31 states with follow-up at hospital discharge.

Bell's palsy with facial bone involvement: A rare presentation of chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis with literature review.

Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is a chronic, sterile, inflammatory disease. It primarily presents with nonspecific bone pain and swelling but ultimately can cause bone destruction and deformities, if left untreated. The involvement of the cranial bones (apart from the mandible) is rare in CNO.

Establishing core domain sets for Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis (CNO) and Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperostosis, Osteitis (SAPHO): A report from the OMERACT 2020 special interest group.

Objective: A working group was established to develop a core domain set (CDS) for Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis (CNO) and Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperostosis, Osteitis (SAPHO) following the OMERACT filter 2.1.

Methods: A scoping review to identify disease-related manifestations was performed, followed by a special interest group (SIG) session at OMERACT2020 to begin the CNO/SAPHO CDS framework.

Juvenile dermatomyositis resembling late-stage Degos disease with gastrointestinal perforations successfully treated with combination of cyclophosphamide and rituximab: case-based review.

Dermatomyositis (DM) is a multi-system disease that results in chronic inflammation principally of the skin and striated muscle. Small blood vessel injury in the GI tract has been described in dermatomyositis, manifesting as bleeding, ulceration, pneumatosis intestinalis, and ultimately perforation. Recent histopathological studies have shown deposits in the capillaries of the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and brain of patients with dermatomyositis similar to that found in patients with Degos disease, suggesting these disease processes are closely related or represent varying degrees of severity on the same pathologic spectrum.

Pathogenic Autoreactive T and B Cells Cross-React with Mimotopes Expressed by a Common Human Gut Commensal to Trigger Autoimmunity.

Given the immense antigenic load present in the microbiome, we hypothesized that microbiota mimotopes can be a persistent trigger in human autoimmunity via cross-reactivity. Using antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) as a model, we demonstrate cross-reactivity between non-orthologous mimotopes expressed by a common human gut commensal, Roseburia intestinalis (R. int), and T and B cell autoepitopes in the APS autoantigen β-glycoprotein I (βGPI).

Proceedings of the 2016 Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Scientific Meeting : Toronto, Canada. 14-17 April 2016.

P1 Serologic evidence of gut-driven systemic inflammation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis Lampros Fotis, Nur Shaikh, Kevin Baszis, Anthony French, Phillip Tarr P2 Oral health and anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) in juvenile idiopathic arthritis Sriharsha Grevich, Peggy Lee, Sarah Ringold, Brian Leroux, Hannah Leahey, Megan Yuasa, Jessica Foster, Jeremy Sokolove, Lauren Lahey, William Robinson, Joshua Newsom, Anne Stevens P3 Novel autoantigens for endothelial cell antibodies in pediatric rheumatic diseases identified by proteomics Rie Karasawa, Mayumi Tamaki, Megumi Tanaka, Toshiko Sato, Kazuo Yudoh, James N. Jarvis P4 Transcriptional profiling reveals monocyte signature associated with JIA patient poor response to methotrexate Halima Moncrieffe, Mark F. Bennett, Monica Tsoras, Lorie Luyrink, Huan Xu, Sampath Prahalad, Paula Morris, Jason Dare, Peter A.

Pediatric antiphospholipid syndrome.

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a multisystem autoimmune condition characterized by vascular thromboses associated with persistently positive antiphospholipid antibodies. There is currently a paucity of data (incidence, prevalence, thrombosis risk, and effective treatment) in pediatric APS. The purpose of this report is to review the current literature on APS in children and neonates, identify the gaps in current knowledge, and suggest avenues for studies to fill those gaps.

Anaphylaxis to anakinra in a pediatric patient with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis successfully treated with canakinumab: a case-based review.

We present the case of a 2-year-old boy with a history of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) with ileostomy diagnosed with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) at 10 months of age controlled on anti-interleukin-1 (anti-IL-1) therapy (anakinra). At 17 months of age, ileostomy reversal and bowel re-anastomosis was scheduled with anakinra discontinued 3 days prior to the surgery and steroids initiated in its place. Ten days postoperatively, anakinra was re-started for signs of sJIA flare.

14th International Congress on Antiphospholipid Antibodies: task force report on antiphospholipid syndrome treatment trends.

Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) is characterized by vascular thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity occurring in patients with persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). The primary objective of the APS Treatment Trends Task Force, created as part of the 14th International Congress on aPL, was to systematically review the potential future treatment strategies for aPL-positive patients. The task force chose as future clinical research directions: a) determining the necessity for controlled clinical trials in venous thromboembolism with the new oral direct thrombin or anti-factor Xa inhibitors pending the results of the ongoing rivaroxaban in APS (RAPS) trial, and designing controlled clinical trials in other forms of thrombotic APS; b) systematically analyzing the literature as well as aPL/APS registries, and creating specific registries for non-warfarin/heparin anticoagulants; c) increasing recruitment for an ongoing primary thrombosis prevention trial, and designing secondary thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity prevention trials with hydroxychloroquine; d) determining surrogate markers to select patients for statin trials; e) designing controlled studies with rituximab and other anti-B-cell agents; f) designing mechanistic and clinical studies with eculizumab and other complement inhibitors; and g) chemically modifying peptide therapy to improve the half-life and minimize immunogenicity.

Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: how to diagnose a rare but highly fatal disease.

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a multisystem autoimmune condition characterized by vascular thromboses and/or pregnancy loss associated with persistently positive antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Catastrophic APS (CAPS) is the most severe form of APS with multiple organ involvement developing over a short period of time, usually associated with microthrombosis. 'Definite' and 'probable' CAPS have been defined based on the preliminary classification criteria; however, in a real-world setting, aPL-positive patients with multiple organ thromboses and/or thrombotic microangiopathies exist who do not fulfill these criteria.

Takayasu arteritis presenting in the context of active tuberculosis: a pediatric case.

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a large-vessel vasculitis, most commonly presenting in young adults and more rarely in pediatric patients. An apparent association between TA and Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been noted previously, although this potential relationship is not yet understood. We present the case of a 16-year-old Haitian girl diagnosed with TA, originally presenting in the context of active tuberculosis.