Correlation Between Long-Term Acetylsalicylic Acid Use and Prostate Cancer Screening with PSA. Should We Reduce the PSA Cut-off for Patients in Chronic Therapy? A Multicenter Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the prostate cancer (PCa) detection rate in men with chronic use of Aspirin and to compare it with the detection rate of non-users.

Patients And Methods: Prospectively maintained database regarding patients undergoing prostate biopsy over the last 10 years in five institutions. Patients were divided into two groups according to their exposure to Aspirin.

Young infants with PMP22 duplication can have minor nerve conduction study abnormalities.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) is related to PMP22 gene duplication. It is characterized at electrodiagnostic testing (EDX) by diffuse homogeneous signs of demyelination, such as velocity slowing and prolonged distal latencies. These abnormalities are less pronounced in infants under two years old, and the possibility of normal nerve conduction studies (NCS) in infants with CMT1A under one year of age has been questioned.

Factors associated with a maternal lower-limb neurological deficit after vaginal delivery.

Introduction: The etiology of lower-limb neurological deficit after vaginal delivery remains poorly understood. The objective herein was to identify factors associated with this maternal nerve injury after vaginal delivery.

Material And Methods: A single-center, case-control (matching 1:4) study.

Electro-clinical presentation of hereditary transthyretin related amyloidosis when presenting as a polyneuropathy of unknown origin in northern France.

Introduction: Hereditary transthyretin related amyloidosis (h-ATTR) classically presents as a small fiber neuropathy with positive family history, but can also be revealed by various other types of peripheral neuropathy.

Objective: To describe the initial electro-clinical presentation of patients from in a single region (northern France) of h-ATTR when it presents as a polyneuropathy of unknown origin.

Method: We reviewed the records of patients referred to two neuromuscular centers from northern France with a peripheral neuropathy of unknown origin who were subsequently diagnosed with h-ATTR.

Impact of implementing an online interactive educational tool for future HIV "cure" research in an HIV clinic waiting room in Cape Town, South Africa.

Access to antiretroviral treatment (ART) in South Africa is suboptimal and erratic. For those on treatment, compliance remains a significant challenge. Interruptions to ART have negative implications for the individual and the epidemic.

Lower-limb neurologic deficit after vaginal delivery: a prospective observational study.

Background: Lower limb neurologic deficit after vaginal delivery remains poorly understood. The objective of this study was to describe the incidence, characteristics and prognosis associated with nerve injury occurring to women during vaginal delivery.

Methods: A single-center observational study of women who complained about a lower limb neurologic deficit that appeared immediately after vaginal delivery.

Outcomes of outpatient ureteral stenting without fluoroscopy at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.

Background: Ureteral stenting is generally a theatre-based procedure that requires a multidisciplinary team and on-table imaging. Limited hospital bed numbers and theatre time in our centre in Cape Town, South Africa, have led us to explore an alternative approach.

Objectives: To see whether outpatient insertion of ureteric stents under local anaesthesia without fluoroscopy was a possible and acceptable alternative to theatre-based ureteral stenting.

Retained Bullet in the Kidney: Imaging and Conservative Management.

Renal gunshot wounds resulting in a grade IV injury (AAST) should be explored only if they involve the hilum or if there are signs of suspected renal pelvis or ureteral laceration, active hemorrhage, peritonitis, or hemodynamically unstable patients (Kitrey et al, 2017). However, because of the paucity of cases reported in the literature, it is not clear what the best management of patients with a retained bullet is, which have been traditionally treated with surgical retrieval in other organs. We present the radiological findings and a clinical case summary of a patient with grade IV kidney injury and retained bullet managed conservatively.

Neuralgic amyotrophy triggered by hepatitis E virus: a particular phenotype.

The neuralgic amyotrophy may be of difficult diagnosis, due to phenotypic variability, with different initial presentations (upper plexus multiple mononeuropathy, lumbosacral involvement, distal reached, phrenic involvement). To date, there is little guidance on these patients' therapeutic management, especially those for which neuralgic amyotrophy is triggered by hepatitis E virus (HEV-NA). The study aims to identify specific features that characterize patients bearing the neuralgic amyotrophy triggered by HEV.

Task-dependent changes in late inhibitory and disinhibitory actions within the primary motor cortex in humans.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the time course of long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) and late cortical disinhibition (LCD) as a function of the motor task (index abduction, thumb-index precision grip). Motor-evoked potentials were recorded from the first dorsal interosseus (FDI) muscle of the dominant limb in 13 healthy subjects. We used paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) paradigms in which a test pulse was preceded by a suprathreshold priming pulse (130% of the resting motor threshold) with varying interstimulus intervals (ISIs).

Task-dependent changes of motor cortical network excitability during precision grip compared to isolated finger contraction.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether task-dependent differences in corticospinal pathway excitability occur in going from isolated contractions of the index finger to its coordinated activity with the thumb. Focal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to measure input-output (I/O) curves--a measure of corticospinal pathway excitability--of the contralateral first dorsal interosseus (FDI) muscle in 21 healthy subjects performing two isometric motor tasks: index abduction and precision grip. The level of FDI electromyographic (EMG) activity was kept constant across tasks.

Movement preparation and cortical processing of afferent inputs in cortical tremor: an event-related (de)synchronization (ERD/ERS) study.

Objective: We sought to characterize cortical activity related to motor control in patients presenting with isolated cortical tremor, in order to determine whether or not myoclonus-related impairments are a source of event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) disruption.

Methods: Nine patients presenting with isolated cortical tremor were compared with controls. Mu and beta ERD/ERS were computed over the scalp and brain surfaces using 128-channel electroencephalographic (EEG) recording during voluntary and passive finger extensions.

CEPHEUS SA: a South African survey on the undertreatment of hypercholesterolaemia.

Aim: The aim of the CEntralised Pan-South African survey on tHE Under-treatment of hypercholeSterolaemia (CEPHEUS SA) was to evaluate the current use and efficacy of lipidlowering drugs (LLDs), and to identify possible patient and physician characteristics associated with failure, if any, to achieve low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets.

Methods: The survey was conducted in 69 study centres in South Africa and recruited consecutive consenting patients who had been prescribed LLDs for at least three months. One visit was scheduled for data collection, including fasting plasma lipid and glucose levels.

Deficit of sensorimotor integration in normal aging.

Sensorimotor performance declines with normal aging. The present study explored age-related changes in sensorimotor integration by conditioning a supra-threshold transcranial magnetic stimulation pulse with a peripheral nerve shock at different interstimulus intervals. Cortical motor threshold of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle, intracortical inhibition and facilitation were measured.

Afferent-induced facilitation of primary motor cortex excitability in the region controlling hand muscles in humans.

Sensory inputs from cutaneous and limb receptors are known to influence motor cortex network excitability. Although most recent studies have focused on the inhibitory influences of afferent inputs on arm motor responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), facilitatory effects are rarely considered. In the present work, we sought to establish how proprioceptive sensory inputs modulate the excitability of the primary motor cortex region controlling certain hand and wrist muscles.

Myoclonus of peripheral origin: two case reports.

The concept of peripheral myoclonus is not yet fully accepted by the medical community because of the difficulty in establishing a cause-and-effect relationship between trauma and subsequent movement disorders. Here, we report two cases of patients suffering from peripheral myoclonus after nerve injury. The first patient experienced myoclonus of the 4th dorsal interosseous muscle several days after trauma to the elbow.