An integrated mechanistic modeling of a facultative pond: Parameter estimation and uncertainty analysis.

Imitating natural lakes, pond treatment systems inherit a high complexity with interconnected web of biochemical reactions and complex hydraulic processes. As such, its simulation requires a large and integrated model, which has been a challenge for pond engineers. In this study, we develop an all-encompassing model to gain a quantitative and comprehensive understanding of the hydraulic, physicochemical and microbiological conversion processes in the most common pond, a facultative pond.