Candida tropicalis morphotypes show altered cellular structure and gene expression pre- and post-exposure to fluconazole.

A feature of Candida tropicalis is its ability to undergo phenotypic switching that can affect antifungal sensitivity and virulence traits. Here, we investigated the effect of switching on alterations at the cellular structure level of C. tropicalis morphotypes and whether exposure to fluconazole (FLC) in vitro could be associated with these alterations in a morphotype-dependent manner.

Vaccine development for pathogenic fungi: current status and future directions.

Introduction: Fungal infections are caused by a broad range of pathogenic fungi that are found worldwide with different geographic distributions, incidences, and mortality rates. Considering that there are relatively few approved medications available for combating fungal diseases and no vaccine formulation commercially available, multiple groups are searching for new antifungal drugs, examining drugs for repurposing and developing antifungal vaccines, in order to control deaths, sequels, and the spread of these complex infections.

Areas Covered: This review provides a summary of advances in fungal vaccine studies and the different approaches under development, such as subunit vaccines, whole organism vaccines, and DNA vaccines, as well as studies that optimize the use of adjuvants.

Altered phagocytosis and morphogenesis of phenotypic switching-derived strains of the pathogenic Candida tropicalis co-cultured with phagocytic cells.

Background And Objective: Candida tropicalis is among the most prevalent human pathogenic yeast species. Switch states of C. tropicalis differ in virulence traits.

Adhesion and biofilm formation by the opportunistic pathogen : what do we know?

 is among the most important  species in terms of epidemiology, virulence and resistance. Considering the increase in incidence and high rates of mortality associated with this species, knowledge of its adhesion and biofilm formation abilities is needed. These traits determine the persistence and survival of yeast on different indwelling medical devices and host sites.

Deciphering Colonies of Phenotypic Switching-Derived Morphotypes of the Pathogenic Yeast Candida tropicalis.

Background: Phenotypic switching generates fungal colonies with altered morphology and allows pathogens to adapt to changing environments.

Objective: This study investigated the structure and genetic factors of switched morphotypes colonies in Candida tropicalis.

Methods: Morphotypes of C.

Changes in Adhesion of Candida tropicalis Clinical Isolates Exhibiting Switch Phenotypes to Polystyrene and HeLa Cells.

Background: Candida tropicalis is an important human pathogen that can undergo multiple forms of phenotypic switching.

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the effect of phenotypic switching on the adhesion ability of C. tropicalis.

Inhibitory effect of bacteriocins from enterococci on developing and preformed biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria ivanovii and Listeria innocua.

The biofilm-forming ability of Listeria spp. is a concern to the food industry and health sectors. The aim of this study was to verify the inhibitory activity of bacteriocins produced by enterococci (Enterococcus faecium 20, 22 and 24 and Enterococcus faecalis 27) on developing biofilm and preformed biofilm of Listeria species.