Characterization of T Cells Specific for CFP-10 and ESAT-6 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Infected Mauritian Cynomolgus Macaques.

Nonhuman primates can be used to study host immune responses to Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (MCMs) are a unique group of animals that have limited major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genetic diversity, such that MHC-identical animals can be infected with Two MCMs homozygous for the relatively common M1 MHC haplotype were bronchoscopically infected with 41 CFU of the Erdman strain. Four other MCMs, which had at least one copy of the M1 MHC haplotype, were infected with a lower dose of 3 CFU All animals mounted similar T-cell responses to CFP-10 and ESAT-6. Two epitopes in CFP-10 were characterized, and the MHC class II alleles restricting them were determined.

In vitro responses of Acinetobacter baumannii to two- and three-drug combinations following exposure to colistin and doripenem.

We compared in vitro killing of colistin, doripenem, and sulbactam by time-kill methods against Acinetobacter baumannii isolates collected from patients before and after colistin-doripenem treatment (initial and recurrent isolates, respectively). Colistin-doripenem bactericidal activity against recurrent isolates was attenuated (mean log10 kill, -5.74 versus -2.

Anidulafungin and micafungin MIC breakpoints are superior to that of caspofungin for identifying FKS mutant Candida glabrata strains and Echinocandin resistance.

By CLSI interpretive criteria, anidulafungin and micafungin MICs determined by various methods were sensitive (60 to 70%) and highly specific (94 to 100%) for identifying FKS mutations among 120 Candida glabrata isolates. Anidulafungin and micafungin breakpoints were more specific than CLSI's caspofungin breakpoint in identifying FKS mutant strains and patients with invasive candidiasis who were likely to fail echinocandin treatment (P ≤ 0.0001 for both).

Caspofungin MICs correlate with treatment outcomes among patients with Candida glabrata invasive candidiasis and prior echinocandin exposure.

Mutations in Candida glabrata FKS genes, which encode the echinocandin target enzyme, are independent risk factors for treatment failures during invasive candidiasis. We retrospectively compared the ability of caspofungin susceptibility testing methods to identify C. glabrata FKS mutant isolates and predict outcomes among patients at our center.