Transiently boosting Vγ9+Vδ2+ γδ T cells early in Mtb coinfection of SIV-infected juvenile macaques does not improve Mtb host resistance.

Children living with HIV have a higher risk of developing tuberculosis (TB), a disease caused by the bacterium (Mtb). Gamma delta (γδ) T cells in the context of HIV/Mtb coinfection have been understudied in children despite evidence suggesting γδ T cells assist with Mtb control. We investigated whether boosting a specific subset of γδ T cells, phosphoantigen-reactive Vγ9+Vδ2+ cells, could improve TB outcome using a nonhuman primate model of pediatric HIV/Mtb coinfection.

Intravenous Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Induces a More Potent Airway and Lung Immune Response than Intradermal BCG in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Macaques.

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one of the leading causes of death due to an infectious agent. Coinfection with HIV exacerbates M. tuberculosis infection outcomes in people living with HIV.

Transiently boosting Vγ9+Vδ2+ γδ T cells early in Mtb coinfection of SIV-infected juvenile macaques does not improve Mtb host resistance.

Children living with HIV have a higher risk of developing tuberculosis (TB), a disease caused by the bacterium (Mtb). Gamma delta (γδ) T cells in the context of HIV/Mtb coinfection have been understudied in children, despite evidence suggesting γδ T cells assist with Mtb control. We investigated whether boosting a specific subset of γδ T cells, phosphoantigen-reactive Vγ9+Vδ2+ cells, could improve TB outcome using a nonhuman primate model of pediatric HIV/Mtb coinfection.

Intravenous BCG induces a more potent airway and lung immune response than intradermal BCG in SIV-infected macaques.

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by (Mtb), is one of the leading causes of death due to an infectious agent. Coinfection with HIV exacerbates Mtb infection outcomes in people living with HIV (PLWH). Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only approved TB vaccine, is effective in infants, but its efficacy in adolescents and adults is limited.

Antibody glycosylation correlates with disease progression in SIV- coinfected cynomolgus macaques.

Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide. However, the immunological mechanisms associated with the enhanced susceptibility among HIV-positive individuals remain largely unknown.

Methods: Here, we used a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/TB-coinfection Mauritian cynomolgus macaque (MCM) model to examine humoral responses from the plasma of SIV-negative ( = 8) and SIV-positive ( = 7) MCM 8-week postinfection with ().

Intravenous Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination protects simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques from tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is the most common cause of death in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Intra-dermal Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) delivery is the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis; however, it offers little protection from pulmonary tuberculosis in adults and is contraindicated in people living with HIV. Intravenous BCG confers protection against Mtb infection in rhesus macaques; we hypothesized that it might prevent tuberculosis in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaques, a model for HIV infection.

Vaccination with intravenous BCG protects macaques with pre-existing SIV infection from tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common cause of death in people living with HIV. BCG delivered intradermally (ID) is the only licensed vaccine to prevent TB. However, it offers little protection from pulmonary TB in adults.

Host Immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Is Similar in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-Infected, Antiretroviral Therapy-Treated and SIV-Naïve Juvenile Macaques.

Pre-existing HIV infection increases tuberculosis (TB) risk in children. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces, but does not abolish, this risk in children with HIV. The immunologic mechanisms involved in TB progression in both HIV-naive and HIV-infected children have not been explored.

Multimodal profiling of lung granulomas in macaques reveals cellular correlates of tuberculosis control.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis lung infection results in a complex multicellular structure: the granuloma. In some granulomas, immune activity promotes bacterial clearance, but in others, bacteria persist and grow. We identified correlates of bacterial control in cynomolgus macaque lung granulomas by co-registering longitudinal positron emission tomography and computed tomography imaging, single-cell RNA sequencing, and measures of bacterial clearance.

Pre-existing Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Increases Expression of T Cell Markers Associated with Activation during Early Coinfection and Impairs TNF Responses in Granulomas.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious cause of death among people living with HIV. People living with HIV are more susceptible to contracting and often have worsened TB disease. Understanding the immunologic defects caused by HIV and the consequences it has on coinfection is critical in combating this global health epidemic.

Evaluation of IL-1 Blockade as an Adjunct to Linezolid Therapy for Tuberculosis in Mice and Macaques.

In 2017 over 550,000 estimated new cases of multi-drug/rifampicin resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) occurred, emphasizing a need for new treatment strategies. Linezolid (LZD) is a potent antibiotic for drug-resistant Gram-positive infections and is an effective treatment for TB. However, extended LZD use can lead to LZD-associated host toxicities, most commonly bone marrow suppression.