Gestational Diabetes and Breastfeeding Among Women of Different Races/Ethnicities: Evidence from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring Surveys.

Objective: To examine risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and factors associated with breastfeeding patterns among women with GDM from different racial/ethnic groups.

Methods: We used data from Phase 8 (2016-2018) of the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. We used logistic regression to estimate factors associated with GDM and with breastfeeding initiation, and conducted survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier curves, and Cox proportional hazards regression to analyze early cessation of breastfeeding.

Association of food security with cardiometabolic health during young adulthood: cross-sectional comparison of American Indian adults with other racial/ethnic groups.

Objectives: Our aim was to assess the cross-sectional associations between food insecurity and cardiometabolic health indicators in American Indian young adults compared with non-Hispanic white, black, Asian or Pacific Islander and Hispanic young adults.

Design: Data from the fourth wave of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) were used. Variables included a self-assessed measure of risk of food insecurity, indicators of cardiometabolic health (body mass index, haemoglobin A1c, blood pressure) and sociodemographic characteristics.

Design and Methods of a Participatory Healthy Eating Intervention for Indigenous Children: The FRESH Study.

Objective: To increase vegetable and fruit intake, reduce body mass index (BMI), and improve parental blood pressure among American Indian families.

Design: Randomized, wait-list controlled trial testing a multi-level (environmental, community, family, and individual) multi-component intervention with data collection at baseline and 6 months post-intervention.

Setting: Tribally owned and operated Early Childhood Education (ECE) programs in the Osage Nation in Oklahoma.

Risk of Food Insecurity in Young Adulthood and Longitudinal Changes in Cardiometabolic Health: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health.

Background: Studies have demonstrated relations between food insecurity, the lack of access to enough nutritious food, and greater risk of diet-sensitive chronic diseases. However, most prior evidence relies on cross-sectional studies and self-reported disease.

Objectives: The objective was to assess the longitudinal relation between risk of food insecurity in young adulthood and changes in diet-sensitive cardiometabolic health outcomes across 10 y among non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Hispanic adults.

Food Insecurity among American Indian and Alaska Native People: A Scoping Review to Inform Future Research and Policy Needs.

Food insecurity, defined as insufficient access to nutritious foods, is a social determinant of health that may underpin health disparities in the US. American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) individuals experience many health inequities that may be related to food insecurity, but no systematic analyses of the existing evidence have been published. Thus, the objective of this scoping review was to assess the literature on food insecurity among AI/AN individuals and communities, with a focus on the prevalence of food insecurity and its relations to sociodemographic, nutrition, and health characteristics.

Association of stress and resilience with cardiometabolic health among American Indian and Alaska Native adults.

Evidence suggests that perceived stress and psychological resilience are related to the presence and severity of cardiometabolic disease. Despite increased stress and cardiometabolic disease burden among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people, the relationships between these factors are not well established in these populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships of stress with five cardiometabolic health indicators and to assess whether psychological resilience mediates these relationships in AI/AN adults.

Technical Assistance is Related to Improvements in the Food Pantry Consumer Nutrition Environment.

Objective: To assess changes in food pantries' consumer nutrition environment (CNE) after the provision of technical assistance.

Design: Pre-post study with 2 phases.

Setting: Staff completed observational assessments using the Nutrition Environment Food Pantry Assessment Tool (NEFPAT) at food pantries in an initial pilot phase.

Cognitive Distraction at Mealtime Decreases Amount Consumed in Healthy Young Adults: A Randomized Crossover Exploratory Study.

Background: Environmental distractions have been shown to affect eating patterns.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a cognitive distraction on amount, preference, and memory of food consumed and perceptions of fullness, hunger, and enjoyment of food in a healthy young-adult population.

Methods: A randomized controlled crossover study of 119 healthy adults (20.

Food Insecurity among College Students Differs by Questionnaire Modality: An Exploratory Study.

Literature suggests that college (ie, post-secondary) students experience food insecurity (FI) at alarming rates. However, the commonly used FI questionnaires have undergone limited evaluations for accuracy in this sub-population. The objective of this exploratory study was to evaluate if FI estimates among college students differ by survey distribution modality.

Promoting Cooking, Nutrition, and Physical Activity in Afterschool Settings.

In this study, we evaluated the afterschool PAWS (Peer-education About Weight Steadiness) Club program delivered by peer or adult educators to improve food choices, physical activity, and psychosocial variables related to healthy eating. We had 109 adolescents (53 in adult-led group; 56 in peer-led group) participate in a cluster randomized controlled intervention. The 12-session curriculum framed within Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and Stages of Change addressed mediators of behavior change related to cooking skills, food intake, and physical activity.

Food Insecurity among College Students in the United States: A Scoping Review.

Reports of college students experiencing food insecurity (FI), defined as inadequate access, availability, adequacy, and stability of food, have sparked national calls for alleviation and prevention policies. However, there are a wide variety of FI rates reported across studies and even among recent literature reviews. The current scoping review aimed to develop a weighted estimated prevalence of FI among US students using a comprehensive search approach.

College students' interpretations of food security questions: results from cognitive interviews.

Background: Food insecurity (FI) - the lack of sufficient access to food to maintain a healthy lifestyle - among college (i.e. post-secondary or higher education institution) students has become a prominent issue in the U.

Use of Survival Analysis to Predict Attrition Among Women Participating in Longitudinal Community-Based Nutrition Research.

Objective: To identify participant characteristics and study methodology that influenced the completion of a 15-month community-based longitudinal study evaluating the impact of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education and Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program.

Design: Observational longitudinal 15-month study across 12 data collection timepoints. Sociodemographic characteristics were collected with a paper-based survey at baseline.

Are estimates of food insecurity among college students accurate? Comparison of assessment protocols.

A growing body of literature suggests that post-secondary students experience food insecurity (FI) at greater rates than the general population. However, these rates vary dramatically across institutions and studies. FI assessment methods commonly used in studies with college students have not been scrutinized for psychometric properties, and varying protocols may influence resulting FI prevalence estimates.

Grit is Associated with Food Security among US Parents and Adolescents.

We investigated whether the Short Grit Scale (Grit-S) predicted odds of food insecurity (FI) among adults and their children. A cross-sectional panel of parent-child dyads completed an online questionnaire. Eligible dyads included parents with household income below the 2015 median ($52,250 USD/year) and their self-selected household child between the ages of 13 to 17 years.

Wasted food: A qualitative study of U.S. young adults' perceptions, beliefs and behaviors.

U.S. consumers, namely young adults, are one of the largest sources of preventable food waste.

Nutrition Environment Food Pantry Assessment Tool (NEFPAT): Development and Evaluation.

Objective: To develop and evaluate a nutrition environment assessment tool to assess the consumer nutrition environment and use of recommended practices in food pantries.

Methods: The Nutrition Environment Food Pantry Assessment Tool (NEFPAT) was developed based on a literature review and guidance from professionals working with food pantries. The tool was pilot-tested at 9 food pantries, an expert panel assessed content validity, and interrater reliability was evaluated by pairs in 3 pantries.

Feasibility of a Grocery Store Tour for Parents and Their Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of a grocery store tour for parents and their adolescents being led by adults or adolescent peers.

Design: Randomized controlled pilot study with surveys at baseline and post-program, and at 3- and 6-month follow-up.

Setting: Midwestern midsized grocery stores.

Family Menu-planning Workshop: A Pilot Study on the Feasibility of Adult- and Peer-led Instruction.

Objectives: We evaluated the feasibility of a menu-planning workshop led by adults or by adolescents (ie, peers), delivered to parents and their adolescent children.

Methods: We randomly assigned a convenience sample of 15 parents and their 17 adolescent children to menu-planning workshops taught by either an adult or peer leader. We conducted process evaluation using workshop observations and participant perceptions.

Spice and Herb Use with Vegetables: Liking, Frequency, and Self-efficacy among US Adults.

Objectives: To inform future initiatives to encourage vegetable intake, we explored how spice and herb (S/H) use with vegetables was related to consumer characteristics.

Methods: A questionnaire collected information on S/H liking and use frequency, whether S/Hs were used when cooking vegetables, and belief that consumers could use S/Hs when cooking vegetables. The questionnaire was distributed to members of an online panel of US consumers.

Grocery Store (or Supermarket) Tours as an Effective Nutrition Education Medium: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To evaluate evidence regarding grocery store tours as an effective nutrition education medium for improving nutrition knowledge and food-related behaviors.

Design: A systematic literature review of studies published from 1984 to 2015 concerning grocery store (or supermarket) tours and impact on nutrition knowledge and behaviors. Three investigators independently reviewed articles, extracted details, and assessed the quality of each study.