Urban metabolic and airway immune profiles increase the risk of infections in early childhood.

Background: Infections in childhood remain a leading global cause of child mortality and environmental exposures seem crucial. We investigated whether urbanicity at birth was associated with the risk of infections and explored underlying mechanisms.

Methods: Children (n=633) from the COPSAC mother-child cohort were monitored daily with symptom diaries of infection episodes during the first 3 years and prospectively diagnosed with asthma until age 6 years.

Minimal important difference in postoperative morphine consumption after hip and knee arthroplasty using nausea, vomiting, sedation and dizziness as anchors.

Background: Morphine-sparing effects are often used to evaluate non-opioid analgesic interventions. The exact effect that would warrant the implementation of these interventions in clinical practice (a minimally important difference) remains unclear. We aimed to determine this with anchor-based methods.

Atopic and non-atopic effects of fish oil supplementation during pregnancy.

Background: We recently conducted a double-blinded randomised controlled trial showing that fish-oil supplementation during pregnancy reduced the risk of persistent wheeze or asthma in the child by 30%. Here, we explore the mechanisms of the intervention.

Methods: 736 pregnant women were given either placebo or n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) in the third trimester in a randomised controlled trial.

Usability and performance expectancy govern spine surgeons' use of a clinical decision support system for shared decision-making on the choice of treatment of common lumbar degenerative disorders.

Study Design: Quantitative survey study is the study design.

Objectives: The study aims to develop a model for the factors that drive or impede the use of an artificial intelligence clinical decision support system (CDSS) called PROPOSE, which supports shared decision-making on the choice of treatment of ordinary spinal disorders.

Methods: A total of 62 spine surgeons were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding their behavioral intention to use the CDSS after being introduced to PROPOSE.

Impact of Preoperative Duration of Symptoms on Patient Satisfaction, Outcomes and Complications After Lumbar Discectomy: A Propensity-matched Comparison.

Study Design: Observational study.

Objective: To identify associations between preoperative symptom duration and postoperative patient satisfaction.

Summary Of Background Data: Sciatica due to lumbar disk herniation (LDH) is a cause of disability and reduced quality life.

Opioid consumption and non-opioid multimodal analgesic treatment in pain management trials after hip and knee arthroplasties: A meta-epidemiological study.

Background: The leading principle in peri-operative pain management is multimodal analgesia, which reduces opioid requirements and associated adverse effects. Pragmatic pain trials should optimally test interventions in addition to multimodal non-opioid analgesics and interventions to ensure clinical relevance and baseline levels of opioid consumption that reflect clinical settings. We aimed to investigate opioid consumption and use of non-opioid analgesics administered adjunct to interventions in post-operative pain trials after total hip and knee arthroplasty.

Validating the predictive precision of the dialogue support tool on Danish patient cohorts.

Background: Despite advances in surgical techniques and diagnostics, some patients remain unsatisfied with the result following spine surgery. One way to improve patient satisfaction may be found in better alignment of expectations. Prognostic tools might prove useful in strengthening surgeon-patient communication prior to surgery.

Minimal important difference in opioid consumption based on adverse event reduction-A study protocol.

Background: The patient-relevant minimal important difference for opioid consumption remains undetermined, despite its frequent use as primary outcome in trials on postoperative pain management. A minimal important difference is necessary to evaluate whether significant trial results are clinically relevant. Further, it can be used as effect size to ensure that trials are powered to find clinically relevant effects.

A GRASP-Based Approach for Planning UAV-Assisted Search and Rescue Missions.

Search and Rescue (SAR) missions aim to search and provide first aid to persons in distress or danger. Due to the urgency of these situations, it is important to possess a system able to take fast action and effectively and efficiently utilise the available resources to conduct the mission. In addition, the potential complexity of the search such as the ruggedness of terrain or large size of the search region should be considered.

Wide Laminectomy, Segmental Bilateral Laminotomies, or Unilateral Hemi-Laminectomy for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Five-year Patient-reported Outcomes in Propensity-matched Cohorts.

Study Design: Propensity-matched retrospective study of patients prospectively enrolled in Danespine.

Objective: The aim of this study was to report 5-year patient reported outcome in lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) patients who underwent wide laminectomy (WL), segmental bilateral laminotomies (SBL), or unilateral hemilaminectomy (UHL) with bilateral decompression.

Summary Of Background Data: The optimal procedure for LSS remains controversial.

Adherence to participant flow diagrams in trials on postoperative pain management after total hip and knee arthroplasty: a methodological review.

Background: The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement aims to improve transparent reporting of randomised clinical trials. It comprises a participant flow diagram with the reporting of essential numbers for enrolment, allocation and analyses. We aimed to quantify the use of participant flow diagrams in randomised clinical trials on postoperative pain management after total hip and knee arthroplasty.

Minimal clinically important differences in randomised clinical trials on pain management after total hip and knee arthroplasty: a systematic review.

Background: Sample size determination is essential for reliable hypothesis testing in clinical trials and should rely on adequate sample size calculations with alpha, beta, variance, and an effect size being the minimal clinically important difference (MCID). This facilitates interpretation of the clinical relevance of statistically significant results. No gold standard for MCIDs exists in postoperative pain research.

Applied Machine Learning for Spine Surgeons: Predicting Outcome for Patients Undergoing Treatment for Lumbar Disc Herniation Using PRO Data.

Study Design: Retrospective/prospective study.

Objective: Models based on preoperative factors can predict patients' outcome at 1-year follow-up. This study measures the performance of several machine learning (ML) models and compares the results with conventional methods.

A systematic review of trial registry entries for randomized clinical trials investigating COVID-19 medical prevention and treatment.

Aim: To identify investigated interventions for COVID-19 prevention or treatment via trial registry entries on planned or ongoing randomised clinical trials. To assess these registry entries for recruitment status, planned trial size, blinding and reporting of mortality.

Methods: We identified trial registry entries systematically via the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and 33 trial registries up to June 23, 2020.

Differences in patient characteristics and external validity of randomized clinical trials on pain management following total hip and knee arthroplasty: a systematic review.

Background: The external validity of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is critical for the relevance of trial results in a clinical setting. We aimed to assess the external validity of RCTs investigating postoperative pain treatment after total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA and TKA) by comparing patient characteristics in these trials with a clinical cohort. Further, we assessed the use of exclusion criteria of the included RCTs.