Comparing exercise and patient education with usual care in the treatment of hip dysplasia: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial with 6-month follow-up (MovetheHip trial).

Introduction: Surgery is not a viable treatment for all patients with hip dysplasia. Currently, usual care for these patients is limited to a consultation on self-management. We have shown that an exercise and patient education intervention is a feasible and acceptable intervention for patients not receiving surgery.

Intermittent Hypoxic Therapy Inhibits Allogenic Bone-Graft Resorption by Inhibition of Osteoclastogenesis in a Mouse Model.

Systemic Intermittent Hypoxic Therapy (IHT) relies on the adaptive response to hypoxic stress. We investigated allogenic bone-graft resorption in the lumbar spine in 48 mice. The mice were exposed to IHT for 1 week before surgery or 1 week after surgery and compared with controls after 1 and 4 weeks.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles as Adjuvant to Bone Marrow Stimulation in Chondral Defect Repair in a Minipig Model.

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of mesenchymal stem cell-extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) on chondrocyte proliferation and on cartilage repair following bone marrow stimulation (BMS) of focal chondral defects of the knee.

Methods: Six adult Göttingen minipigs received 2 chondral defects in each knee. The pigs were randomized to treatment with either BMS combined with MSC-EVs or BMS combined with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS).

The Effect of Normobaric Intermittent Hypoxia Therapy on Bone in Normal and Disuse Osteopenic Mice.

Bromer, Frederik Duch, Mikkel Bo Brent, Michael Pedersen, Jesper Skovhus Thomsen, Annemarie Brüel, and Casper Bindzus Foldager. The effect of normobaric intermittent hypoxia therapy on bone in normal and disuse osteopenic mice. .

Autologous cartilage and fibrin sealant may be superior to conventional fat grafting in preventing physeal bone bridge formation - a pilot study in porcines.

Purpose: The article compares physeal recovery after insertion of autologous cartilage and a conventional fat graft in a standardized porcine physeal gap model. Presence of a bone bridge was the primary outcome.

Methods: Ten porcines in two groups of five were included in a paired design.

[Safe surgical dislocation of the hip to treatment of injuries after traumatic hip injury in children].

Traumatic dislocation of the hip in children is rare. Immediately closed reduction is important but contains a risk of tissue becoming intertwined in the joint space, and a risk of development of avascular femoral head necrosis. In this case report, we present two cases of traumatic hip luxation in an 11-year-old boy and a nine-year-old boy, where intertwined labral tears were recognised immediately following closed reduction in one case and after two weeks in the other.

Particulated Cartilage for Chondral and Osteochondral Repair: A Review.

Introduction: Injuries to articular cartilage have a poor spontaneous repair potential and no gold standard treatment exist. Particulated cartilage, both auto- and allograft, is a promising new treatment method that circumvents the high cost of scaffold- and cell-based treatments.

Materials And Methods: A comprehensive database search on particulated cartilage was performed.

No effect of platelet-rich plasma as adjuvant to bone marrow stimulation for the treatment of chondral defects in a large animal model.

Background: Bone marrow stimulation (BMS) remains a dominant treatment strategy for symptomatic full thickness articular cartilage defects. Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP), may improve biological cartilage repair as an adjunct to BMS.

Objectives: To assess the histological quality of cartilage repair after BMS with and without repeated local injections of PRP for the treatment of full-thickness focal chondral defects of the knee.

Combined Bone Marrow Aspirate and Platelet-Rich Plasma for Cartilage Repair: Two-Year Clinical Results.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical and biological outcome of combined bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on a collagen scaffold for treating cartilage lesions in the knee.

Methods And Materials: Ten patients (mean age 29.4 years, range 18-36) suffering from large full-thickness cartilage in the knee were treated with BMAC and PRP from January 2015 to December 2016.

Demographics in Patients Receiving Matrix-Assisted Chondrocyte Implantation (MACI) in the Ankle.

. To compare demographics and cartilage lesion characteristics of patients enrolled in clinical trials investigating autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) in the ankle joint with those actually scheduled for matrix-assisted chondrocyte implantation (MACI) using database records. .

No Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections as an Adjuvant to Autologous Cartilage Chips Implantation for the Treatment of Chondral Defects.

Background: Repair of chondral injuries using cartilage chips has recently demonstrated clinical feasibility. Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a potential promising technique for improving healing response during cartilage repair.

Purpose: To assess the cartilage repair tissue quality after autologous cartilage chips treatment (CC) with and without repeated local injections of PRP for the treatment of full-thickness focal chondral defects of the knee.

Age-Dependent Systemic Effects of a Systemic Intermittent Hypoxic Therapy .

The adaptive response to systemic intermittent hypoxic therapy (SIHT) may be used for therapeutic advances due to the activation of multiple pathways involved in angiogenesis, immunomodulation, and tissue homeostasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the early age-dependent systemic response of different exposures of SIHT in mice. Sixty-four C57BL/6NRj female mice in three different age groups, young (4-5 weeks), adolescent (8-10 weeks), and adults (23-32 weeks), were exposed to SIHT.

Bosworth fracture dislocation of the ankle: - Two case reports with perioperative illustration.

The Bosworth fracture dislocation of the ankle is rare and present difficulties in treatment if not immediately recognized. Here we present two cases with pre- and postoperative x-rays and perioperative image of the dislocation. The fracture dislocations were further complicated by talocrural dislocations and were treated with open reduction and internal fixation.

Combinatorial Screening of Nanoclay-Reinforced Hydrogels: A Glimpse of the "Holy Grail" in Orthopedic Stem Cell Therapy?

Despite the promise of hydrogel-based stem cell therapies in orthopedics, a significant need still exists for the development of injectable microenvironments capable of utilizing the  regenerative potential of donor cells. Indeed, the quest for biomaterials that can direct stem cells into bone without the need of external factors has been the "Holy Grail" in orthopedic stem cell therapy for decades. To address this challenge, we have utilized a combinatorial approach to screen over 63 nanoengineered hydrogels made from alginate, hyaluronic acid, and two-dimensional nanoclays.

Surface chemistry, substrate, and topography guide the behavior of human articular chondrocytes cultured in vitro.

Understanding the behavior of chondrocytes in contact with artificial culture surfaces is becoming increasingly important in attaining appropriate ex vivo culture conditions of chondrocytes in cartilage regeneration. Chondrocyte transplantation-based cartilage repair requires efficiently expanded chondrocytes, and the culture surface plays an important role in guiding the behavior of the cell. Micro- and nano-engineered surfaces make it possible to modulate cell behavior.

Corrigendum to 'Regenerative technologies to bed side: Evolving the regulatory' [J Orthop Translat 9 (2017) 1-7].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.

Regenerative technologies to bed side: Evolving the regulatory framework.

There are high expectations for the clinical application of regenerative medicine technologies to treat musculoskeletal disorders. However, there are still big hurdles in bringing cell-based products to the market, mainly due to strict regulatory frameworks to approve these. Recently, the Japanese Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency adopted new regulations under legislature.

A Standardized Method of Applying Toluidine Blue Metachromatic Staining for Assessment of Chondrogenesis.

Objectives: Staining with toluidine blue is a well-established procedure for the histological assessment of cartilaginous- and chondrogenic-differentiated tissues. Being a cationic dye, toluidine blue staining visualizes proteoglycans in a tissue because of its high affinity for the sulfate groups in proteoglycans. It is generally accepted that metachromatic staining with toluidine blue represents cartilaginous matrix and that the degree of positive staining corresponds with the amount of proteoglycans.

Non-invasive cell tracking of SPIO labeled cells in an intrinsic regenerative environment: The axolotl limb.

Non-invasive methods to track the progress of stem cell therapies are important in the development of future regenerative therapies. Super-paramagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIOs) have previously been applied to track cells using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in non-regenerative animal models. To the best of the author's knowledge, the present study investigated for the first time, the feasibility of tracking SPIO labeled cells in an intrinsic regenerative environment, the regenerating limb of the axolotl, and investigated the homing of stem cell-like blastema cells to the regenerative zone.

Symptomatic lumbosacral transitional vertebra: a review of the current literature and clinical outcomes following steroid injection or surgical intervention.

Bertolotti's syndrome (BS) refers to the possible association between the congenital malformation lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV), and low back pain (LBP). Several treatments have been proposed including steroid injections, resections of the LSTV, laminectomy, and lumbar spinal fusion. The aim of this review was to compare the clinical outcomes in previous trials and case reports for these treatments in patients with LBP and LSTV.

Autologous Cartilage Chip Transplantation Improves Repair Tissue Composition Compared With Marrow Stimulation.

Background: Repair of chondral injuries by use of cartilage chips has recently demonstrated clinical feasibility.

Purpose: To investigate in vivo cartilage repair outcome of autologous cartilage chips compared with marrow stimulation in full-thickness cartilage defects in a minipig model.

Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.

Distribution of pericellular matrix molecules in the temporomandibular joint and their chondroprotective effects against inflammation.

The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the distribution and synthesis of pericellular matrix (PCM) molecules (collagen VI, collagen IV and laminin) in rat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and (2) investigate the effects of PCM molecules on chondrocytes against inflammation in osteoarthritis. Four zones (fibrous, proliferating, mature and hypertrophic) of condylar cartilage and three bands (anterior, intermediate and posterior) of disc were analysed by immunohistochemistry for the presence of PCM molecules in rat TMJs. Isolated chondrocytes were pre-treated with PCM molecules before being subjected to interleukin (IL)-1β treatment to stimulate inflammation.

Aarhus Regenerative Orthopaedics Symposium (AROS).

The combination of modern interventional and preventive medicine has led to an epidemic of ageing. While this phenomenon is a positive consequence of an improved lifestyle and achievements in a society, the longer life expectancy is often accompanied by decline in quality of life due to musculoskeletal pain and disability. The Aarhus Regenerative Orthopaedics Symposium (AROS) 2015 was motivated by the need to address regenerative challenges in an ageing population by engaging clinicians, basic scientists, and engineers.

Precipitant induced porosity augmentation of polystyrene preserves the chondrogenicity of human chondrocytes.

Cells constantly sense and receive chemical and physical signals from neighboring cells, interstitial fluid, and extracellular matrix, which they integrate and translate into intracellular responses. Thus, the nature of the surface on which cells are cultured in vitro plays an important role for cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Autologs chondrocyte implantation is considered the treatment of choice for larger cartilage defects in the knee.

Cellular senescence in aging and osteoarthritis.

- It is well accepted that age is an important contributing factor to poor cartilage repair following injury, and to the development of osteoarthritis. Cellular senescence, the loss of the ability of cells to divide, has been noted as the major factor contributing to age-related changes in cartilage homeostasis, function, and response to injury. The underlying mechanisms of cellular senescence, while not fully understood, have been associated with telomere erosion, DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation.