The Relationship Between Lymphocyte Subtypes with Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer in Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy.

Objective: The immune system has an essential role in the development of cancer by showing both anti-tumor and pro-tumor activities. Understanding the immune func- tion of patients with malignancy is of clinical importance for the evaluation, treatment, and prognosis of the disease. We aimed to evaluate lymphocyte subtypes in peripheral blood samples of prostate cancer patients and their relationship with clinicopathologi- cal features and prognosis.

A Retrospective Analysis of 83 Patients with Testicular Mass Who Underwent Testis-Sparing Surgery: The Eurasian Uro-oncology Association Multicenter Study.

Introduction: Herein, we analyzed the histopathological, oncological and functional outcomes of testis-sparing surgery (TSS) in patients with distinct risk for testicular cancer.

Methods: This is a multicenter retrospective study on consecutive patients who underwent TSS. Patients were categorized in high- or low-risk testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) according to the presence/absence of features compatible with testicular dysgenesis syndrome.

A New Promising Pathway in Aggressive Prostate Cancer: Treg/mir-let8c/lin28b.

Purpose: The progress of prostate cancer entails complex contemporaneous tumor developmental events in diverse stages that they are still yet to be clarified. miRNAs might accompany to balance between regulatory and cytotoxic T cells in tumors. Here, we investigated miRNAs and Regulatory T cell (Treg) marker FOXP3 expressions within prostate cancer spectrum.

Prognostic and clinicopathologic value of ki-67 and profilin 1 immunohistochemical expression in primary pT1 urothelial bladder cancer.

Purpose: To investigate the prognostic and clinicopathologic value of Ki-67 and profilin 1 immunohistochemical expression in primary pT1 papillary urothelial bladder cancer.

Materials And Methods: This study included 88 male and 13 female pT1 primary bladder cancer patients. Demographic characteristics, tumor histological grade, tumor number, presence of concomitant carcinoma in situ, tumor size, and status of recurrence or progression were recorded for each patient.

Comparison of Intravesical Hyaluronic Acid, Chondroitin Sulfate, and Combination of Hyaluronic Acid-Chondroitin Sulfate Therapies in Animal Model of Interstitial Cystitis.

Purpose: Three intravesical treatment agents were compared in an interstitial cystitis rat model: chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, and combined hyaluronic acid-chondroitin sulfate.

Methods: Thirty-five female rats were divided into 5 groups: control (group I), isotonic (group II), chondroitin sulfate (group III), hyaluronic acid (group IV), and hyaluronic acid-chondroitin sulfate (group V). Chemical cystitis was induced in all experimental groups by intravesical instillation of 1 mL of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 15 minutes via the transurethral route.

Congenital megalourethra and posterior urethral valve in a patient with Down syndrome.

Megalourethra is a rare congenital anomaly of the urethra that develops as a consequence of dysgenesis of the corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum. Herein, we present three congenital abnormalities in one newborn ie; Down syndrome, posterior urethral valve (PUV) and scaphoid megalourethra. The patient was treated successfully by ablation PUV and reduction uretrophlasty.

Role of serum and urine transforming growth factor beta 1, matrix metallopeptidase 9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2, and nerve growth factor beta levels and serum neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in predicting recurrence and progression risks in patients with primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Objective: The current study aimed to examine the correlation between serum and urine transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2), and nerve growth factor beta (NGF-β) levels and serum neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as well as the recurrence and progression risks of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Material And Methods: The current study included 89 individuals: n=47, patients with primary NMIBC (patient group) and n=42, healthy controls (control group). The TGF-β1, MMP-9, TIMP-2, and NGF-β levels in the blood and urine samples were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Changes in Antimicrobial Resistance of Urinary Tract Infections in Adult Patients over a 5-Year Period.

Objectives: We aimed to determine the most common bacteria that cause urinary tract infections (UTIs), the rate of antibiotic resistance of these uropathogens, and the changes in resistance rates over the years for adult patients diagnosed with UTIs.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed urine cultures and antibiotic susceptibility results of patients >17 years of age from our outpatient clinic between 2014 and 2018. The most common uropathogens and their antibiotic resistance rates were identified in different age groups (18-39, 40-59, and ≥60 years) and with respect to gender and date of admission.

Laparoscopy versus robotic-assisted pyeloplasty in children: preliminary results of a pilot prospective randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: The aim of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to compare the outcomes of conventional laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) versus robotic-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (RALP) in the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) in children.

Methods: A total of 53 patients with UPJO were randomized as LP (Group 1, n: 27) and RALP (Group 2, n: 26). Redo cases and patients with anatomical abnormalities were excluded.

Reasons for early readmission after percutaneous nephrolithotomy and retrograde intrarenal surgery.

Introduction: Hospital readmissions are frequent and costly. In many countries health governors focus on unplanned postsurgical hospital readmissions as an objective metric for quality of care.

Aim: To investigate the rate of readmissions after retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) operations, classify these factors, define the higher risk patients for readmission and develop prevention strategies.

Can intervals in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy sessions affect success in the treatment of upper ureteral stones?

Introduction: Managing upper ureteral stones with shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) has been done for many years. However, no conclusive data have been found on the intervals required between repeated SWL sessions.

Aim: To identify the most optimal intervals between SWL sessions.

The factors predicting upgrading of prostate cancer by using International Society for Urological Pathology (ISUP) 2014 Gleason grading system.

Objective: To investigate the factors to predict Gleason score upgrading (GSU) of patients with prostate cancer who were evaluated by using the International Society for Urological Pathology (ISUP) 2014 Gleason grading system.

Material And Methods: Between January 2008 and December 2015, we retrospectively investigated patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy and followed up in the uro-oncology outpatient clinic. The pathologic specimens of the patients were evaluated based on the ISUP 2014 classification system.

Kidneys with small renal masses: Can they be utilized for kidney transplantation in the era of partial nephrectomy?

Objective: To retrospectively evaluate our database to determine our partial nephrectomy and radical nephrectomy rates and to see percentage of the discarded kidneys which were suitable for transplantation after radical nephrectomy.

Material And Methods: Patients who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy between January 2000 and December 2016 were identified. Only stage I tumors according to tumor, node, metastasis classification were included in this review.

The activity and discussion points of #Circumcision through Twitter; a microblogging platform.

Objectives: Our objective was to elucidate the discussion points of circumcision on social media (SoMe) by looking at the Twitter activity.

Material And Methods: Twitter searched for #circumcision hashtag via www.tweetarchivist.

The Fate of Residual Fragments After Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery in Long-Term Follow-up.

Purpose: We aimed to describe the natural history of stone fragments ? 7 mm that remained after retrograde intrarenalsurgery (RIRS) in long-term follow-up.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 142 medical records of patients who had residual fragments (RFs) ? 7 mm after RIRS. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the size of RFs as ? 4 mm (group 1) and 5 - 7 mm (group 2).

Testis-sparing surgery of unilateral testicular large-cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor: a sporadic case.

Testicular sex cord-stromal tumors constitute a small portion of all types of testicular tumors. Only 1% of these tumors are pure Sertoli cell tumors. Sertoli cell tumors have three identified subgroups: large-cell calcifying (LCCSCT), sclerosing Sertoli cell and general type.

Supraclavicular lymph node as the first presentation and late skin metastasis: an unusual clinical course for prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous malignancy and the second cause of cancer death in men. Despite improvements in diagnostic methods, the primary diagnosis of a number of patients may still be on metastatic stage. Cutaneous and supraclavicular lymph nodes are very rare metastatic sites for prostate cancer.

Comparative differences between T1a/b and T1e/m as substages in T1 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic value of the depth of lamina propria invasion in patients with T1 bladder cancer and to display comparative differences between the T1a/b and T1e/m substaging systems.

Patients And Methods: This study included 106 patients with primary stage T1 urothelial bladder tumours who underwent surgery between January 2009 and December 2014. Pathologic specimens were re-evaluated to confirm the diagnosis of T1 and substaging by the same pathologist using two systems: T1a and T1b, and T1m and T1e.

Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in fecal flora before transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy and the clinical impact of targeted antibiotic prophylaxis.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to evaluate ciprofloxacin resistance and the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing organisms (ESBLs) in the population of patients with indication to undergo prostate biopsy. Our additional aim was to compare the targeted antibiotic prophylaxis and sepsis rates after transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy in patients who received routine ciprofloxacin prophylaxis and to evaluate the predictive factors of antibiotic resistance.

Methods: Between September 2012 and January 2014, 300 patients were randomized to two groups.

Comparison of intravesical (Cohen) and extravesical (Lich-Gregoir) ureteroneocystostomy in the treatment of unilateral primary vesicoureteric reflux in children.

Introduction: Various intravesical and extravesical techniques have been described for the surgical correction of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Among those techniques Cohen (intra-vesical) and Lich-Gregoir (extra-vesical) are the most commonly used ones. However, there are limited studies that compare those two surgical techniques in the literature.

Comparison of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy and Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery in Treating 20-40 mm Renal Stones.

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in treating renal stones between 20 and 40 mm in diameter.

Materials And Methods: 146 patients, who were treated with RIRS and 146 patients, who were treated with PCNL for renal stones between 20 and 40 mm in diameter were compared retrospectively using a matched-pair analysis. The operative and post-operative outcomes of both groups were analyzed retrospectively.

Comparison of Mini-percutaneous Nephrolithotomy and Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery in Preschool-aged Children.

Objective: To compare the outcomes of mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (m-PCNL) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in treating renal stones in preschool-aged children.

Materials And Methods: Forty-five patients treated with m-PCNL and 32 patients treated with RIRS for renal stones were compared retrospectively. The operative and postoperative outcomes of both groups were analyzed retrospectively.