Reovirus genomic diversity confers plasticity for protease utility during adaptation to intracellular uncoating.

Reoviruses infect many mammals and are widely studied as a model system for enteric viruses. However, most of our reovirus knowledge comes from laboratory strains maintained on immortalized L929 cells. Herein, we asked whether naturally circulating reoviruses possess the same genetic and phenotypic characteristics as laboratory strains.

Electroretinogram analysis of zebrafish retinal function across development.

Purpose: The electroretinogram (ERG) is a powerful approach for investigating visual function in zebrafish ocular disease models. However, complexity, cost, and a literature gap present as significant barriers for the introduction of this technology to new zebrafish laboratories. Here, we introduce a simplified and effective method to obtain zebrafish ERGs.

Abnormal Cone and Rod Photoreceptor Morphogenesis in gdf6a Mutant Zebrafish.

Purpose: Analysis of photoreceptor morphology and gene expression in mispatterned eyes of zebrafish growth differentiation factor 6a (gdf6a) mutants.

Methods: Rod and cone photoreceptors were compared between gdf6a mutant and control zebrafish from larval to late adult stages using transgenic labels, immunofluorescence, and confocal microscopy, as well as by transmission electron microscopy. To compare transcriptomes between larval gdf6a mutant and control zebrafish, RNA-Seq was performed on isolated eyes.

Biventricular pacing improves left ventricular function by 2-D strain in right ventricular failure.

Background: We used speckle-tracking echocardiography to test the hypothesis that regional left ventricular (LV) strain would improve during optimized biventricular pacing (BiVP) in acute right ventricular (RV) pressure overload (PO).

Materials And Methods: Complete heart block and RVPO were induced in five open-chest fully anesthetized pigs. BiVP was optimized by adjusting atrioventricular and interventricular delays to maximize cardiac output derived from an aortic flow probe.

Enantioselective and regioselective indium(III)-catalyzed addition of pyrroles to isatins.

The indium(III)-catalyzed enantioselective and regioselective addition of pyrroles to isatins is described. The effects of metal and solvent on the reactivity and selectivity are compared and discussed, demonstrating that the indium(III)-indapybox complex provides the most effective catalyst. A case of divergent reactivity between pyrroles and indoles is presented.