Bioaerosol emissions from activated sludge basins: Characterization, release, and attenuation.

This article presents a critical review of the peer-reviewed literature related to bioaerosol generation from activated sludge basins. Characterization techniques include a variety of culture- and nonculture-based techniques, each with unique features. Bioaerosols contain a variety of clinical pathogens including Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Clostridium perfringens, and Salmonella enteritidis; exposure to these microorganisms increases human health risks.

Comparison and evaluation of a high volume air sampling system for the collection of Clostridioides difficile endospore aerosol in health care environments.

Background: Environmental contamination of patient rooms and adjacent areas with C. difficile spores is a recognized transmission risk. Previous studies have shown that spores are aerosolized during patient care.

Toilet plume aerosol generation rate and environmental contamination following bowl water inoculation with Clostridium difficile spores.

Introduction: Clostridium difficile is the leading cause of health care-associated gastric illness. Environmental contamination with C difficile spores is a risk factor for contact transmission, and toilet flushing causes such contamination. This work explores toilet contamination persistence and environmental contamination produced over a series of flushes after contamination.