Beyond bulk: Density fractions explain heterogeneity in global soil carbon abundance and persistence.

Understanding the controls on the amount and persistence of soil organic carbon (C) is essential for predicting its sensitivity to global change. The response may depend on whether C is unprotected, isolated within aggregates, or protected from decomposition by mineral associations. Here, we present a global synthesis of the relative influence of environmental factors on soil organic C partitioning among pools, abundance in each pool (mg C g  soil), and persistence (as approximated by radiocarbon abundance) in relatively unprotected particulate and protected mineral-bound pools.

Comparison of methods for mapping rhizosphere processes in the context of their surrounding root and soil environments.

The rhizosphere embodies a complex biogeochemical zone with enhanced rates of nutrient exchange between plants, soil, and microbial communities. Understanding controls on rhizosphere dynamics is critical to support emerging concepts including rhizosphere engineering and reduced dependence on chemical fertilizers which have direct application to food production, increased biofuel generation, and habitat restoration efforts. Yet, its fine spatial scale and complex interactions between geochemical and microbial processes within complex spatiotemporal gradients make the rhizosphere notoriously difficult to study.

Development of a Web-Based Nonoperative Small Bowel Obstruction Treatment Pathway App.

Objective: An electronic pathway for the management of adhesive small bowel obstruction (SBO) was built and implemented on top of the electronic health record. The aims of this study are to describe the development of the electronic pathway and to report early outcomes.

Methods: The electronic SBO pathway was designed and implemented at a single institution.

COVID-19 infections among HCWs exposed to a patient with a delayed diagnosis of COVID-19.

We report on COVID-19 risk among HCWs exposed to a patient diagnosed with COVID-19 on day 13 of hospitalization. There were 44 HCWs exposed to the patient before contact and droplet precautions were implemented: of these, 2 of 44 (5%) developed COVID-19 potentially attributable to the exposure.

A Single-Center Multidisciplinary Initiative to Reduce Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection Rates: Quality and Financial Implications.

Introduction: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is an important patient safety issue that is responsible for an estimated 449334 annual infections, with an average direct cost of $790-$1200 per infection. In total, the cost associated with CAUTI is estimated to be $115 million to $1.82 billion annually.

Differential retention and divergent resolution of duplicate genes following whole-genome duplication.

The Paramecium aurelia complex is a group of 15 species that share at least three past whole-genome duplications (WGDs). The macronuclear genome sequences of P. biaurelia and P.

Insights into three whole-genome duplications gleaned from the Paramecium caudatum genome sequence.

Paramecium has long been a model eukaryote. The sequence of the Paramecium tetraurelia genome reveals a history of three successive whole-genome duplications (WGDs), and the sequences of P. biaurelia and P.

Spliced DNA sequences in the Paramecium germline: their properties and evolutionary potential.

Despite playing a crucial role in germline-soma differentiation, the evolutionary significance of developmentally regulated genome rearrangements (DRGRs) has received scant attention. An example of DRGR is DNA splicing, a process that removes segments of DNA interrupting genic and/or intergenic sequences. Perhaps, best known for shaping immune-system genes in vertebrates, DNA splicing plays a central role in the life of ciliated protozoa, where thousands of germline DNA segments are eliminated after sexual reproduction to regenerate a functional somatic genome.

Evidence for genetic association of RORB with bipolar disorder.

Background: Bipolar disorder, particularly in children, is characterized by rapid cycling and switching, making circadian clock genes plausible molecular underpinnings for bipolar disorder. We previously reported work establishing mice lacking the clock gene D-box binding protein (DBP) as a stress-reactive genetic animal model of bipolar disorder. Microarray studies revealed that expression of two closely related clock genes, RAR-related orphan receptors alpha (RORA) and beta (RORB), was altered in these mice.