Allergic reactions to gadodiamide following interventional spinal procedures: a report of 4 cases.

Gadodiamide is currently considered a safe alternative for use in interventional spinal procedures in persons with a documented allergic response to iodine-based contrast dyes and with adequate renal function. The most common reactions to gadodiamide are nausea, emesis, and headache. These reactions usually are self-limited and are reported to occur in less than 1% of patients.

Identifying and managing shoulder pain in competitive swimmers: how to minimize training flaws and other risks.

Shoulder pain resulting from glenohumeral instability is common among competitive swimmers. The biomechanics inherent to swimming promote muscular imbalances that stress the capsuloligamentous structures and contribute to shoulder instability. Most swimmers respond favorably to conservative treatment of rest and rehabilitation, while a small percentage may ultimately require surgical intervention.

Prosthetic management of the partial foot amputee.

Partial foot amputations provide advantages and challenges to the patient confronting loss of limb and the rehabilitation team. The partial foot amputation offers the potential for retention of plantar load-bearing tissues that are capable of tolerating the forces involved in weight bearing; this can allow the patient to ambulate with or without a prosthesis. Because of the complexity of the foot-ankle complex and the multiple types of partial foot amputations encountered, choosing the appropriate prosthesis can be challenging.