The Future of Municipal Wastewater Reuse Concentrate Management: Drivers, Challenges, and Opportunities.

Water reuse is rapidly becoming an integral feature of resilient water systems, where municipal wastewater undergoes advanced treatment, typically involving a sequence of ultrafiltration (UF), reverse osmosis (RO), and an advanced oxidation process (AOP). When RO is used, a concentrated waste stream is produced that is elevated in not only total dissolved solids but also metals, nutrients, and micropollutants that have passed through conventional wastewater treatment. Management of this RO concentrate─dubbed municipal wastewater reuse concentrate (MWRC)─will be critical to address, especially as water reuse practices become more widespread.

Interfacial Solar Evaporation by a 3D Graphene Oxide Stalk for Highly Concentrated Brine Treatment.

In this work, we demonstrate a 3-dimensional graphene oxide (3D GO) stalk that operates near the capillary wicking limit to achieve an evaporation flux of 34.7 kg m h under 1 sun conditions (1 kW/m). This flux represents nearly a 100 times enhancement over a conventional solar evaporation pond.

Interfacial solar vapor generation for desalination and brine treatment: Evaluating current strategies of solving scaling.

Interfacial solar vapor generation, an efficient, sustainable, and low-cost method for producing clean water, has attracted great interest for application in solar desalination and wastewater treatment. Although recent studies indicated significant enhancement of overall performance by developing photothermal materials and constructing different dimensional systems, stable evaporation performance and long-term operation of the evaporator are hindered by severe scaling issues. In this critical review, we present the latest strategies in reducing salt accumulation on the evaporator for solar desalination and brine treatment.

Comparison of Lethal and Nonlethal Sampling Methods for the Detection of Largemouth Bass Virus (LMBV) from Largemouth Bass in the Upper Mississippi River.

Traditional methodologies to identify fish pathogens require euthanasia before the collection of tissue samples. While these methods are standardized and proven, there are instances where nonlethal alternatives would be preferred. Despite the need to develop nonlethal sampling techniques, few publications have focused on them and even fewer have used these approaches to identify viruses from infections occurring in wild fish populations.

Synthetic Graphene Oxide Leaf for Solar Desalination with Zero Liquid Discharge.

Water vapor generation through sunlight harvesting and heat localization by carbon-based porous thin film materials holds great promise for sustainable, energy-efficient desalination and water treatment. However, the applicability of such materials in a high-salinity environment emphasizing zero-liquid-discharge brine disposal has not been studied. This paper reports the characterization and evaporation performance of a nature-inspired synthetic leaf made of graphene oxide (GO) thin film material, which exhibited broadband light absorption and excellent stability in high-salinity water.

Regenerable Polyelectrolyte Membrane for Ultimate Fouling Control in Forward Osmosis.

This study demonstrated the feasibility of using regenerable polyelectrolyte membranes to ultimately control the irreversible membrane fouling in a forward osmosis (FO) process. The regenerable membrane was fabricated by assembling multiple polyethylenimine (PEI) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) bilayers on a polydopamine-functionalized polysulfone support. The resulting membrane exhibited higher water flux and lower solute flux in FO mode (with the active layer facing feed solution) than in PRO mode (with the active layer facing draw solution) using trisodium citrate as draw solute, most likely due to the unique swelling behavior of the polyelectrolyte membrane.

Using transcriptional control to increase titers of secreted heterologous proteins by the type III secretion system.

The type III secretion system (T3SS) encoded at the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) locus secretes protein directly from the cytosol to the culture media in a concerted, one-step process, bypassing the periplasm. While this approach is attractive for heterologous protein production, product titers are too low for many applications. In addition, the expression of the SPI-1 gene cluster is subject to native regulation, which requires culturing conditions that are not ideal for high-density growth.

The EBP50-moesin interaction involves a binding site regulated by direct masking on the FERM domain.

Members of the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) protein family serve as regulated microfilament-membrane crosslinking proteins that, upon activation, bind the scaffolding protein ERM-phosphoprotein of 50 kDa (EBP50). Here we report a 3.5 A resolution diffraction analysis of a complex between the active moesin N-terminal FERM domain and a 38 residue peptide from the C terminus of EBP50.

The Drosophila melanogaster seminal fluid protein Acp62F is a protease inhibitor that is toxic upon ectopic expression.

Drosophila melanogaster seminal fluid proteins stimulate sperm storage and egg laying in the mated female but also cause a reduction in her life span. We report here that of eight Drosophila seminal fluid proteins (Acps) and one non-Acp tested, only Acp62F is toxic when ectopically expressed. Toxicity to preadult male or female Drosophila occurs upon one exposure, whereas multiple exposures are needed for toxicity to adult female flies.

Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the soluble alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase from Streptococcus sp.

Single crystals of soluble FAD-dependent alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase (GlpO) from Streptococcus sp. were obtained using the microseeding and hanging-drop vapor-equilibrium methods. Synchrotron X-ray radiation was used to collect diffraction data to 2.