Trends in modifiable risk factors for dementia among midlife adults in the United States: The National Health and nutrition examination survey 1999-2018.

Objective: Dementia has a large public health burden, and modifiable risk factors, particularly in midlife, may provide an opportunity for early prevention. We aimed to examine trends in age-adjusted prevalence of modifiable risk factors for dementia and the number of modifiable risk factors among midlife adults from 1999 to 2018.

Methods: A total of 14,851 participants aged 40 to 64 years without a history of cardiovascular disease in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018 were included in the analysis.

Initiation of Hearing Aids Use and Incident Dementia Among Mid-to-late Life Adults: The Health and Retirement Study 2010-2018.

Background And Objectives: Hearing aids may reduce the risk of dementia among individuals with hearing loss. However, no evidence is available from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effectiveness of hearing aids use in reducing incident dementia. Using target trial emulation, we leveraged an existing longitudinal cohort study to estimate the association between hearing aids initiation and risk of dementia.

Risk of anxiety disorders in men with prostate cancer: a national cohort study.

Background: Men with prostate cancer (PC) may experience significant psychosocial distress from physical symptoms, treatment side effects, or fear of recurrence. However, little is known about the long-term risk of anxiety disorders in men with PC.

Methods: A national cohort study was conducted of 180 189 men diagnosed with PC during 1998-2017 and 1 801 890 age-matched population-based control men in Sweden.

Long-Term Risk of Type 2 Diabetes After Preterm Delivery or Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy.

Objective: To examine long-term diabetes risk after preterm delivery or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in a large population-based cohort.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included all women with a singleton delivery in Sweden during 1973-2015 and no preexisting diabetes mellitus. Participants were followed up for development of type 2 diabetes identified from nationwide outpatient and inpatient diagnoses through 2018.

Risk of depression in persons with Alzheimer's disease: A national cohort study.

Introduction: Depression is a risk factor and possible prodromal symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but little is known about subsequent risk of developing depression in persons with AD.

Methods: National matched cohort study was conducted of all 129,410 persons diagnosed with AD and 390,088 with all-cause dementia during 1998-2017 in Sweden, and 3,900,880 age- and sex-matched controls without dementia, who had no prior depression. Cox regression was used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) for major depression through 2018.

Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Long-Term Mortality in Women.

Importance: Women with adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm delivery or preeclampsia, have higher future risks of cardiometabolic disorders; however, little is known about their long-term mortality risks. A better understanding of such risks is needed to facilitate early identification of high-risk women and preventive actions.

Objective: To determine long-term mortality risks associated with 5 major adverse pregnancy outcomes in a large population-based cohort of women.

Mortality Risks Associated with Depression in Men with Prostate Cancer.

Background: Men diagnosed with prostate cancer (PC) have an increased risk of depression; however, it is unclear to what extent depression affects long-term survival. A better understanding of such effects is needed to improve long-term care and outcomes for men with PC.

Objective: To determine the associations between major depression and mortality in a national cohort of men with PC.

Hypertension in Pregnancy Among Immigrant and Swedish Women: A Cohort Study of All Pregnant Women in Sweden.

Background: Little is known about risks of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in both first- and second-generation immigrant women in Europe and other Western countries; such knowledge may help elucidate the influence of genetic versus social factors on such risks. We aimed to study both first- and second-generation immigrant women for the presence of all types of hypertension (preexisting hypertension, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia) during pregnancy.

Methods And Results: A cohort study was conducted using data derived from the Swedish National Birth Register, the National Patient Register, and the Total Population Register.

Risk of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias in Persons with Glaucoma: A National Cohort Study.

Purpose: Glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of optic neuropathies that potentially may be associated with other cerebral neurodegenerative processes leading to dementia. However, prior studies have been inconsistent. We examined dementia risks after glaucoma diagnosis in a large population-based cohort.

Adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term risk of chronic kidney disease in women: national cohort and co-sibling study.

Background: Women with adverse pregnancy outcomes may have higher subsequent risk of chronic kidney disease, but the long-term independent risks and potential causality are unclear.

Objective: This study aimed to determine long-term risks of chronic kidney disease associated with 5 major adverse pregnancy outcomes in a large population-based cohort, and to assess for familial confounding using co-sibling analyses.

Study Design: A national cohort study was conducted of all 2,201,279 women with a singleton delivery in Sweden from 1973 to 2015, followed up for chronic kidney disease identified from nationwide diagnoses through 2018.

Preterm or early term birth and risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a national cohort and co-sibling study.

Purpose: To examine risks of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in preterm and early term birth survivors, and potential sex-specific differences.

Methods: A national cohort study was conducted of all 4061,795 singletons born in Sweden in 1973-2013 who survived infancy, followed up for ADHD identified from nationwide diagnoses and medications through 2018. Poisson regression was used to compute prevalence ratios (PRs), adjusting for sociodemographic and perinatal factors.

Diabetes risk during pregnancy among second-generation immigrants: A national cohort study in Sweden.

Background And Aims: Gestational diabetes is more common in many first-generation immigrant women in Europe and other Western countries. Less is known about second-generation immigrant women; such knowledge is needed to understand generational influences on diabetes risk. We aimed to study second-generation immigrant women regarding the presence of all types of diabetes during pregnancy.

Neighborhood deprivation in relation to lung cancer in individuals with type 2 diabetes-A nationwide cohort study (2005-2018).

Background: Neighborhood deprivation has been found associated with both type 2 diabetes and lung cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the potential association between neighborhood deprivation and lung cancer incidence or mortality in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The results may identify a new risk or prognostic factor for lung cancer in this important subgroup and help develop a more contextual approach to prevention that includes neighborhood environment.

Risks of alcohol and drug use disorders in prostate cancer survivors: a national cohort study.

Background: Prostate cancer (PC) survivors may potentially use substances to cope with psychological distress or poorly controlled physical symptoms. Little is known, however, about the long-term risks of alcohol use disorder (AUD) or drug use disorders in men with PC.

Methods: A national cohort study was conducted in Sweden of 180 189 men diagnosed with PC between 1998 and 2017 and 1 801 890 age-matched population-based control men.