Assessing the long-term trend of spring discharge in a climate change hotspot area.

Global warming affects atmospheric and oceanic energy budgets, modifying the Earth's water cycle. The Mediterranean region is a critical zone for climate change due to a decrease in recharge and an increase in the frequency and severity of droughts over recent decades. While the impacts of possible emissions scenarios on surface water have been extensively studied, the effects on groundwater discharge remain uncertain at both global and local scales.

Hydrogeological assessment of a major spring discharging from a calcarenitic aquifer with implications on resilience to climate change.

Groundwater is a vital source of freshwater, serving ecological, environmental, and societal needs. In regions with springs as a predominant source, such as the Northern Apennines (Italy), resilience of these springs to climate-induced recharge changes is crucial for water supply and ecosystem preservation. In this study, Nadìa Spring in the Northern Apennines is examined through an unprecedented array of multidisciplinary analyses to understand its resilience and unique characteristics.