Early-age clinical and developmental features associated to Substance Use Disorders in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults.

Objective: The main objective was to explore early-age conditions associated to Substance Use Disorders (SUD) in adults with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD); secondly, to determine which of those conditions are specific to ADHD subjects; and finally, to compare ADHD and non-ADHD subjects in terms of SUD lifetime prevalence and professional, social and personal adjustment.

Method: Comparison between ADHD adults with (n=236) and without lifetime SUD (n=309) regarding clinical characteristics of ADHD, externalization disorders, temperamental traits, environmental factors, academic history and family psychiatric history; secondly, ADHD subjects were compared to a non-ADHD group (n=177) concerning those variables.

Results: The following variables were found to be positively associated to SUD in ADHD subjects: ADHD severity, CD and ODD comorbidities, temperamental characteristics ("fearful", "accident prone" and "frequent temper tantrums"), "sexual abuse", "be suspended from school", family history of SUD and ADHD, and male gender; ADHD inattentive subtype and "fearful" were inversely associated to SUD.

Male and female pathological gamblers: bet in a different way and show different mental disorders.

Although in the last years several studies comparing male and female pathological gamblers have been published, most of them have been carried out using only samples of males. The aim of this study was to investigate gender differences in a sample of subjects diagnosed with pathological gambling (PG) attending three specialized outpatient units. Retrospective study was carried out of 96 patients (49% female and 51% male), comparing the main socio-demographic, clinical, and behavioral data.

Epidemiologic tools to study the influence of environmental factors on fecundity and pregnancy-related outcomes.

Adverse pregnancy outcomes entail a large health burden for the mother and offspring; a part of it might be avoided by better understanding the role of environmental factors in their etiology. Our aims were to review the assessment tools to characterize fecundity troubles and pregnancy-related outcomes in human populations and their sensitivity to environmental factors. For each outcome, we reviewed the possible study designs, main sources of bias, and their suggested cures.

Relationship between poor decision-making process and fatigue perception in Parkinson's disease patients.

Background: Fatigue is a common non-motor symptom in Parkinson's disease patients. The reasons for its perception are not completely understood. One suggested possibility might be that perceived fatigue is related with abnormal interpretation of somatic symptoms.

Nifedipine treatment reduces resting calcium concentration, oxidative and apoptotic gene expression, and improves muscle function in dystrophic mdx mice.

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a recessive X-linked genetic disease, caused by mutations in the gene encoding dystrophin. DMD is characterized in humans and in mdx mice by a severe and progressive destruction of muscle fibers, inflammation, oxidative/nitrosative stress, and cell death. In mdx muscle fibers, we have shown that basal ATP release is increased and that extracellular ATP stimulation is pro-apoptotic.

Fish intake during pregnancy, fetal growth, and gestational length in 19 European birth cohort studies.

Background: Fish is a rich source of essential nutrients for fetal development, but in contrast, it is also a well-known route of exposure to environmental pollutants.

Objective: We assessed whether fish intake during pregnancy is associated with fetal growth and the length of gestation in a panel of European birth cohort studies.

Design: The study sample of 151,880 mother-child pairs was derived from 19 population-based European birth cohort studies.

Electrical stimuli are anti-apoptotic in skeletal muscle via extracellular ATP. Alteration of this signal in Mdx mice is a likely cause of dystrophy.

ATP signaling has been shown to regulate gene expression in skeletal muscle and to be altered in models of muscular dystrophy. We have previously shown that in normal muscle fibers, ATP released through Pannexin1 (Panx1) channels after electrical stimulation plays a role in activating some signaling pathways related to gene expression. We searched for a possible role of ATP signaling in the dystrophy phenotype.

Physicochemical stability of captopril and enalapril extemporaneous formulations for pediatric patients.

The prevalence of hypertension among children has been increasing. Community and Hospital Pharmacists are often challenged to provide an oral liquid extemporaneous formulation for pediatric patients, because there are no appropriate dosage drugs to the specific needs of the child. The objective of this study is to choose and develop suitable pediatric extemporaneous formulations for captopril and enalapril maleate and to determine their physicochemical stability.

Genome-wide copy number variation analysis in adult attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder.

Attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder with a worldwide prevalence of 5-6% in children and 4.4% in adults. Recently, copy number variations (CNVs) have been implicated in different neurodevelopmental disorders such as ADHD.

Exposure to metals during pregnancy and neuropsychological development at the age of 4 years.

Background: There is insufficient epidemiological evidence for deciding whether prenatal exposure to the current low-levels of metals in developed countries may affect neuropsychological function in early childhood.

Objectives: Our goal was to evaluate potential neurotoxic effects of prenatal exposure to seven metals (cobalt, copper, arsenic, cadmium, antimony, thallium and lead), during the 1st and 3rd trimester of pregnancy, on child neuropsychological development at 4 years of age.

Materials And Methods: This study was based on a population-based birth cohort established in Sabadell (Catalonia, Spain) as part of the INMA [Environment and Childhood] Project.

Perception of Spanish professionals on therapeutic adherence of dual diagnosis patients.

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the health professionals perspective about the therapeutic adherence among dual diagnosis patients. It also analyzed the most frequently used pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments. The aim is to learn the professional;s perception regarding the reasons for nonadherence and to identify the type of strategies that may improve adherence.

Variability in the prevalence of adult ADHD in treatment seeking substance use disorder patients: results from an international multi-center study exploring DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria.

Background: Available studies vary in their estimated prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in substance use disorder (SUD) patients, ranging from 2 to 83%. A better understanding of the possible reasons for this variability and the effect of the change from DSM-IV to DSM-5 is needed.

Methods: A two stage international multi-center, cross-sectional study in 10 countries, among patients form inpatient and outpatient addiction treatment centers for alcohol and/or drug use disorder patients.

Diagnostic agreement between the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+) and its Clinical Significance Scale.

Background: The Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+) is composed of a self-report and an interview, the Clinical Significance Scale, but no studies have reported joint findings. This study is the first to examine the diagnostic agreement between the Spanish version of the PDQ-4+ self-report and its corresponding interview.

Method: The sample comprised 235 psychiatric outpatients who were assessed with both instruments.

Lack of association between the LPR and VNTR polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter gene and cocaine dependence in a Spanish sample.

We genotyped the LPR and VNTR polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter gene in 504 cocaine-dependent patients and 508 controls. No association was detected with either polymorphism or with any haplotype combination. This study provided no evidence that these polymorphisms confer susceptibility to cocaine dependence in our sample.

Psychiatric comorbidity in treatment-seeking substance use disorder patients with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: results of the IASP study.

Aims: To determine comorbidity patterns in treatment-seeking substance use disorder (SUD) patients with and without adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with an emphasis on subgroups defined by ADHD subtype, taking into account differences related to gender and primary substance of abuse.

Design: Data were obtained from the cross-sectional International ADHD in Substance use disorder Prevalence (IASP) study.

Setting: Forty-seven centres of SUD treatment in 10 countries.

Mineralization of DNA into nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite.

Encapsulation of DNA into hydroxyapatite (HAp) has been investigated using a rational approach that involves computer simulation and experimental techniques. The temporal evolution of the radial distribution functions derived from atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of Ca(2+), PO4(3-) and OH(-)-containing aqueous solutions in the presence and absence of B-DNA has been used to conclude that the backbone of the double helix acts as a template for HAp growth. More specifically, results reveal the formation of calcium phosphate clusters at the first stages of the simulations, which subsequently re-organize to nucleate HAp.

Psychoeducation for adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder vs. cognitive behavioral group therapy: a randomized controlled pilot study.

The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of psychoeducation as compared with cognitive behavioral group therapy in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who still had significant symptoms and were in pharmacological treatment. This is the first study on psychoeducation in adults with ADHD. Thirty-two individuals were randomized to two treatment conditions: 15 were in the psychoeducation group and 11 were in the cognitive behavioral group therapy.

GALNT11 as a new molecular marker in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Aberrant mucin O-glycosylation often occurs in different cancers and is characterized by immature expression of simple mucin-type carbohydrates. At present, there are some controversial reports about the Tn antigen (GalNAcα-O-Ser/Thr) expression and there is a great lack of information about the [UDP-N-acetyl-α-d-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc-Ts)] expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). To gain insight in these issues we evaluated the Tn antigen expression in CLL patient samples using two Tn binding proteins with different fine specificity.

Cocaine-induced psychosis and impulsivity in cocaine-dependent patients.

Cocaine-dependent patients have high impulsiveness. Cocaine-induced psychosis is common among cocaine-dependent patients. Different risk factors associated with cocaine-induced psychosis have been reported.

Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and cocaine-induced transient psychotic symptoms.

Background: Cocaine-induced psychosis (CIP) is among the most serious adverse effects of cocaine. Reduced serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels have been reported in schizophrenia and psychosis; however, studies assessing the involvement of BDNF in CIP are lacking.

Methods: A total of 22 cocaine-dependent patients (aged 33.

Prenatal bisphenol a urine concentrations and early rapid growth and overweight risk in the offspring.

Background: Increasing experimental evidence suggests that prenatal bisphenol A (BPA) exposure induces offspring weight gain, but these effects remain largely unexplored in humans. We examined the effects of prenatal BPA exposure on postnatal growth and obesity.

Methods: BPA concentrations were measured in two spot-urine samples collected in the 1st and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy from mothers in a Spanish birth cohort study (n = 402).

Exercise sensitizes skeletal muscle to extracellular ATP for IL-6 expression in mice.

Active skeletal muscle synthesizes and releases interleukin-6 (IL-6), which plays important roles in the organism's adaptation to exercise. Autocrine/paracrine ATP signaling has been shown to modulate IL-6 expression. The aim of this study was to determine whether a period of physical activity modifies the ATP-induced IL-6 expression.

Fatty acid synthase expression is strongly related to menopause in early-stage breast cancer patients.

Objective: Overexpression of fatty acid synthase (FASN), the enzyme involved in the de novo synthesis of fatty acids, has been reported in several human carcinomas, including breast cancer, and has been related to poor prognosis. Our aim was to analyze the association of FASN tumor tissue expression with clinicopathological and anthropometrical features in early-stage breast cancer patients.

Methods: We prospectively studied 53 women with early-stage breast cancer who were treated with surgical operation and postoperative chemotherapy.