Human obese white adipose tissue sheds depot-specific extracellular vesicles and reveals candidate biomarkers for monitoring obesity and its comorbidities.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recently postulated as key players in metabolic disorders emerging as an alternative way of paracrine/endocrine communication. However, the nature of EVs shed by adipose tissue (AT) and their role in obesity is still very limited. Here, we isolated human morbid obese visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) whole AT shed EVs from donors submitted to bariatric surgery to characterize their protein cargo by qualitative and quantitative/SWATH mass spectrometry analysis.

PCV13 vaccination impact: A multicenter study of pneumonia in 10 pediatric hospitals in Argentina.

Introduction: In 2012, PCV13 was introduced into the National Immunization Program in Argentina, 2+1 schedule for children <2 years. Coverage rates for 1st and 3rd doses were 69% and 41.0% in 2012, 98% and 86% in 2013; 99% and 89% in 2014, respectively.

Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: hospitalization and case fatality risk in 10 pediatric facilities in Argentina.

Introduction: Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections are prevalent both in Argentina and worldwide, and they may have a severe clinical course.

Objectives: To estimate the hospitalization rate and case fatality risk factors of CA-MRSA infection.

Methods: Cross-sectional, analytical study.

[Neonatal renal abscess: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. A clinical case].

Renal abscess is a rare disease in newborn, but severe consequences can occur: sepsis with high mortality, renal scar formation and risk of chronic renal failure. A neonate with unilateral renal abscess due to Staphylococcus aureus is reported, with septicemia, with no other suppurative focus, nor with urinary malformation, with good clinical evolution with intravenous antibiotics and without surgical treatment, but with renal scars sequel. From this case, the strategies of diagnosis, treatment and followup of the renal abscess in a neonate are analyzed, emphasizing the early diagnosis to avoid renal scars.

First clinical isolates of Cronobacter spp. (Enterobacter sakazakii) in Argentina: characterization and subtyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

Cronobacter species are opportunistic pathogens associated with severe infections in neonates and immunocompromised infants. From January 2009 through September 2010, two cases of neonatal infections associated with Cronobacter malonaticus and one case associated with Cronobacter sakazakii, two of them fatal, were reported in the same hospital. These are the first clinical isolates of Cronobacter spp.

Effects of breastfeeding on weight loss and recovery of pregestational weight in adolescent and adult mothers.

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in adolescent mothers has been associated with greater postpartum maternal weight loss.

Objective: To assess the associations between EBF and weight loss in adolescent and adult mothers and between EBF and weight and length gain of their children.

Methods: A cohort of 68 adolescent mothers (15 to 19 years), 64 adult mothers (20 to 29 years), and their infants were studied.

[Fulminant hepatic failure due to tuberculostatic drugs: case report].

Hepatoxicity of isoniazid, mainly in association with rifampin, is a rare secondary effect of tuberculostatic treatment. In the United States, it accounts for 0.2% of all pediatric orthotropic liver transplant, and 14% of transplants for drug hepatotoxicity.

Antenatal iron supplements consumed daily produce oxidative stress in contrast to weekly supplementation in Mexican non-anemic women.

Unlabelled: Universal prenatal daily supplementation with iron (60-120mg iron) plus folic acid (0.4mg), as recommended by INACG/WHO/UNICEF, prevents anemia where iron deficiency is prevalent but may be excessive for non-anemic women. Weekly supplementation with 120mg iron plus various amounts of folic acid similarly prevents significant anemia.

[Adolescents increase to more gestational weight and fat than adults according to BMI pre-gestational].

Introduction: The excessive gestational weight gain predisposes to overweight and obesity postpartum, this becomes a worldwide public health problem.

Objective: To analyze gestational weight pattern and body fat in adolescents and adult women, to identify the group that would have major weight and body fat gain.

Material And Methods: A prospective cohort study done in 64 adolescent < or = 18 years and 48 adult women.

No changes in weight and body fat in lactating adolescent and adult women from Mexico.

Objective: To evaluate changes in weight and body fat of Mexican adolescent compared to those of adult lactating women from the Northwest (NM) and Central (CM) regions of Mexico in the first trimester postpartum.

Methods: A prospective design was used to evaluate 41 exclusively breastfeeding women (21 adolescents and 20 adults) recruited 1-2 days after delivering a healthy singleton at the Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora (Northwest Mexico) and Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, in Mexico City. Socioeconomic status, height, body weight and composition, dietary intake, physical activity, and milk volume (quantified by deuterium dilution method) were measured at the 1st and 3rd month postpartum.

[Adolescents do not lose bone mineral density postpartum: comparative study with adult women].

Objective: To analyze the pattern of bone mineral density (BMD), serum concentrations of estradiol and calcium levels, dietary calcium, body mass index (BMI), and lactation in adolescents and adult women at 15, 90, and 365 postpartum days (ppd).

Material And Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted of 33 adolescents and 39 adult women. Anthropometric and dietetic evaluations were performed, as well as evaluations of bone mineral density in L2-L4 and femur neck.

Women with endometriosis improved their peripheral antioxidant markers after the application of a high antioxidant diet.

Background: Oxidative stress has been identified in the peritoneal fluid and peripheral blood of women with endometriosis. However, there is little information on the antioxidant intake for this group of women. The objectives of this work were 1) to compare the antioxidant intake among women with and without endometriosis and 2) to design and apply a high antioxidant diet to evaluate its capacity to reduce oxidative stress markers and improve antioxidant markers in the peripheral blood of women with endometriosis.

Gestational weight gain as predicted by pregestational body mass index and gestational age in Mexican women.

Objective: To develop a reference pattern to evaluate gestational weight according to pregestational body mass index (BMI) and gestational age, using current longitudinal information from healthy pregnant women.

Subjects And Methods: We followed 438 women with singleton pregnancies between weeks 16 and 36 of pregnancy Women were excluded if they developed pathologic conditions during gestation, delivered malformed or dead fetuses, or delivered babies with a birthweight of less than 2500 or more than 4200 g or with a gestational age of less than 37 or more than 41 weeks. Weight, biochemical indicators, and clinical indicators were recorded every 4 weeks throughout the pregnancy.

Searching for alternative methods of diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus in a Mexican urban population.

Background: The aim of the study was to determine whether a predictive value for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) could be established using different glucose screening test thresholds in Mexican urban pregnant women.

Material/methods: A group of 635 pregnant women (12-33 weeks of gestation) with serum glucose screening values of > or = 7.2 mmol (> or = 130 mg/dl) were evaluated with a 100-g 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

[Scientific rationality, causality and meta-analyses of clinical trials].

Currently, the challenge is to analyze and synthesize as much information as possible in order to make quick, correct decisions. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis have quickly arisen in the health field because they allow researchers to congregate studies of similar characteristics to generate estimators that describe the risk or benefit of practices related to health problems. To understand and attach the appropriate importance to meta-analyses, it is necessary to consider the rationale of the theoretical framework, the methodological criteria, and the possible causal relationship between exposure and outcome, besides contextualizing the information.

High dosage of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol is not useful for diminishing oxidative stress and DNA damage in healthy elderly adults.

Aim: To determine the useful dosage of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol against oxidative stress and DNA damage in the elderly.

Methods: A double-blind controlled clinical assay carried out in a sample of 66 healthy subjects divided into three age-paired random groups with 22 subjects in each group. Group A received placebo and group B was administered 500 mg of ascorbic acid and 400 IU of alpha-tocopherol, whereas group C received 1,000 mg of ascorbic acid and 400 IU of alpha-tocopherol for a 6-month period.

Risk for postpartum depression, breastfeeding practices, and mammary gland permeability.

In a cross-sectional study, 163 breastfeeding women completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), a questionnaire on demographics and infant feeding and hand-expressed breast milk for Na and K quantification, between 2 and 12 weeks postpartum. Forty women (24.5%) had an EPDS score compatible with the risk of a depressive episode, and 63 (41%) did not feel confident about breastfeeding.

Dialyzability of minerals in corn masa gruel (atole) fortified with different iron compounds: effects of ascorbic acid, disodium EDTA, and phytic acid.

Background: Lime-treated corn gruel (atole) is a common weaning food in iron-deficient populations, especially in Mexico and Central America, and is a potential vehicle for fortification with iron.

Objective: The objective of this study was to screen promising iron compounds for use in the fortification of atole, using in vitro enzymatic digestion-dialysis techniques, while also considering their response to known iron absorption enhancers and inhibitors.

Methods: Atole, unaltered or preincubated with phytase, was fortified with iron (10 mg/L) from ferrous sulfate, ferrous bisglycinate, or ferrous fumarate, or with ferric chloride, ferric ammonium citrate, or ferric sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (NaFeEDTA), and submitted to in vitro digestion.

Food components and dietary patterns of two different groups of Mexican lactating women.

Objective: To evaluate the energy, nutrient intakes and dietary patterns of Mexican lactating women at one month postpartum, and the associations of maternal age and region on their intakes.

Methods: A total of 60 women were studied: 41 from Northwest and 19 from Central Mexico, 33 adolescent and 27 adult women. Data were collected through two quantitative 24 h recalls.

Adolescents with adequate birth weight newborns diminish energy expenditure and cease growth.

Maternal energy requirements increase during pregnancy but the magnitude of this increment is unknown among adolescents. We determined the effects of maternal age and weight status on adjustments in gestational weight gain, resting energy expenditure (REE), and growth among adolescents. Weight, and growth rates of pregnant adolescents (PA) < or =17 y during late pregnancy were compared with changes in nonpregnant adolescents (NPA) over a 5-mo period.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae detection with PCR in renal tissue of a patient with acute glomerulonephritis.

Renal disease concurrent with a Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is uncommon. In this report we describe the clinical outcome of a 6-year-old patient who presented with a rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis that required dialysis. A kidney biopsy was performed, and the results revealed membranoprolipherative glomerulonephritis.

Weekly iron as a safe alternative to daily supplementation for nonanemic pregnant women.

Background: We undertook this study to compare the effectiveness and safety of antenatal daily and weekly supplementation with iron, folic acid, and vitamin B(12) in healthy, pregnant women who were not anemic at gestational week 20.

Methods: Women with singleton pregnancies and blood hemoglobin (Hb) >115 g/L at gestational week 20 (equivalent to 105 g/L at sea level) were randomly assigned to two groups, one consuming one tablet containing 60 mg iron, 200 mug folic acid and 1 mug vitamin B(12) daily (DS, n = 56); the other consuming two tablets once weekly (WS, n = 60). Blood Hb and serum ferritin concentrations were measured every 4 weeks from weeks 20 to 36, and pregnancy outcomes were evaluated.

[Iron deficiency anemia among Mexican women on reproductive age. History of an unresolved problem].

Objective: To describe the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in the past 66 years among Mexican women on reproductive age, and to analyze the efficacy of interventions implemented for its prevention and control.

Material And Methods: Observational and clinical epidemiological studies as well as federal intervention programs published between 1939 and 2005 having original data related to anemia were reviewed using electronic databases (Medline and Artemisa) and manual searches. Keywords were anemia, iron deficiency, women, and Mexico.

Twin pregnancies: eating for three? Maternal nutrition update.

The incidence of multifetal pregnancies has increased, mainly because of assisted reproduction treatments. This trend is reflected in increased maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. While the optimum maternal nutrition and weight gain patterns for singleton pregnancies is well documented, there is a paucity of information for twin pregnancies.